. 2021 Jan 15;11(1):196. doi: 10.3390/ani11010196

Table 1.

Sample’s classification according to the refining process and botanical origin.

Refining Process	Group	Botanical Origin	Subgroup: Different Mixtures	N	Total
Refining Process	Group	Botanical Origin	Subgroup: Different Mixtures	N	Total	Chemical refining (Acid oils, AO)	SCP	Blends of AO from seed oils, cocoa butter, and palm oil ¹	Cocoa butter, rapeseed, soybean, and palm oils (40/30/20/10)	2	12
Cocoa butter, palm and seed oils	10						SCP	Blends of AO from seed oils, cocoa butter, and palm oil ¹			12
SP	Blends of AO from seed and palm oils ¹	Soybean, rapeseed, and palm oils (40/40/20)	2	5
SP	Blends of AO from seed and palm oils ¹	Sunflower, soybean, palm, corn, and rapeseed oils	3	5
O	AO from olive pomace oil and blends of AO from olive pomace and olive oils	Olive pomace oil	13	18
O		Olive pomace and olive oils (90/10)	5	18
BS	Blends of AO from seed oils ^1,2	Sunflower (80–90), rapeseed (20–10) and traces of palm and palm kernel oils and palm stearin	1	9
		Sunflower, corn, and grapeseed oils (40/30/30)	3
		Sunflower, soybean, and corn oils	3
		Sunflower, high oleic sunflower, soybean, corn, and olive pomace oils	2
SU	AO from sunflower oil	Sunflower oil	18	18
SU-SO	Blends of AO from sunflower and soybean oils ¹	Sunflower and soybean oils	4	15
		Sunflower and soybean oils (10/90)	7
		Sunflower and soybean oils (80/20)	2
		Sunflower and soybean oils (90/10)	2
SO	AO from soybean oil	Soybean oil	2	2
Physical refining (Fatty acid distillates, FAD)	LFAD	FAD from coconut oil and blends of FAD from coconut and palm kernel oils ¹	Coconut oil	2	5
	LFAD		Coconut and palm kernel oils	3	5
	PFAD	FAD from palm oil	Palm oil	6	6
	OFAD	FAD from olive pomace and olive oils	Olive pomace oil	1	2
	OFAD	FAD from olive pomace and olive oils	Olive oil	1	2

¹ For some blends the proportions were unknown; ² Some blends contained traces of fruit oils. Abbreviations: see the “Botanical origin” column for the definition of abbreviations.