Table 1.

Characteristics of mother and infant pairs included in the narrative analysis.

		Children Outcomes			Breast Milk Outcomes			Maternal Outcomes
Study	Design	Children with ZIKV Infection	Blood RT-PCR	Infant Feeding Practices	RT-PCR	Culture	Viral RNA Sequencing	Confirmed ZIKV Infection	Diagnostic Essay	Country
Besnard 2014 [10] Besnard 2017 [26]	Case reports	Yes	Positive in blood saliva	Breastfeeding	Positive	Negative	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR, 5 days after symptoms onset	French Polynesia
		Yes	Positive	Not clear	Positive	Negative	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR, 2 days after symptoms onset
Dupont 2016 [27]	Case report	Undetermined	Ambiguous	Breastfeeding	Positive	Positive	NA	Yes	Positive 3 days after symptoms onset	New Caledonia
Blohm 2017 [31] Blohm 2018 [32]	Case report	Yes	Plasma positive	Breastfed for 5 months	Positive	Positive	99% identity with the virus isolated from the child’s urine	Yes	Negative RT-PCR, 5 days after symptoms onsetPositive for IgM and marginal IgG	Venezuela
Cavalcanti 2017 [28]	Case reports	No	Serum, negative	Mix-feeding	Positive	Positive	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR	Brazil
		No	NA	Breastfeeding	Negative	NA	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR
		No	Serum, Negative for ZIKV Serum, Positive for CHIKV	Breastfeeding	Negative	NA	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR
		No	Serum, negative	Breastfeeding	Negative	NA	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR
Sotelo 2017 [29]	Case report	Yes	Cord blood, negative	Not reported	Positive for samples collected at 37th gestational week, at birth, 38th gestational week, and 10th weeks postpartum	Positive for colostrum and sample 10 days after birth	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCRIgM and IgG positive	Brazil
Giovanetti 2018 [30]	Case report	Yes	Serum, positive	Not reported	Positive	NA	Positive for strain similarities found with newborn viral genome sequencing obtained from the newborn	Yes	IgM positive. IgG not reported	Brazil
Desclaux 2018 [40]	Case report	No	Negative (serum)	Not reported	Negative	NA	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR	France
Mello 2018 [37]	Case report	No	Negative in blood and saliva	Breastfeeding	Positive	NA	NA	No	Negative RT-PCR and Antibodies	Brazil
Villamil-Gomez 2017 [39]	Case report	Yes	Positive (serum) at birth and 4, 6 months	Not reported	Positive	NA	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR at birth and 4, 6 months	Colombia
Hemachudha 2019 [34]	Case report	No	NA	Breastfeeding interrupted due to maternal diagnosis	Positive, starting 3 days before maternal symptoms and remained positive for 11 days (22 samples total).	NA	NA	Yes	Positive RT-PCR	Thailand
Buathong 2017(Abstract only) [33]	Cohort	No 9 from confirmed cases and 62 from probable cases	Negative	Breastfeeding interrupted due to maternal diagnosis	Positive	NA	Asian lineage identified	Yes, all 6 women	Positive (method unclear)	Thailand
Rodo 2019 [35]	Cohort	NA	Negative (serum)	Not reported	Negative	NA	NA	72 of 254 women were positive	Positive (9 cases) by RT-PCR 62/71, 87.3%, positive for ZIKV IgM and/or ZIKV IgG and positive. 4 cases had positive IgM, 3 cases had positive both IgM and RT-PCR tests. 9 cases had detectable IgG levels.	Spain
De Quental 2019 [36]	Cohort	No	NA	Not reported	Negative	NA	NA	Yes, 20 women were infected	Positive (20 cases) by RT-PCR	Brazil
Tozetto-Mendoza 2019 [38]	Cohort	No	Negative cord blood, saliva, and urine.	Not reported	Positive	Positive	NA	Yes, 1	Positive (94/235) confirmed ZIKV infection by RT-PCR in either plasma, serum, or urine. At least 7 positive cases were pregnant women.	Brazil