Table 1.
Common Etiologies Respective to Acute or Chronic Pancreatitis (AP/CP) by Sex.
| Etiology | %AP (%Male) | Country [Reference] | CP (%Male) | Country [Reference] |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gallstone | 24.7 (39.3) | USA [2] | 3.0 (72.7) | Japan [10] |
| 25.8 (51.5) | Japan [12] | |||
| 40.0 (37.0) | Australia [13] | |||
| 55.8 (53.7) | China [14] | |||
| 36.9 (39.6) | UK [15] | |||
| 31.8 (42.2) | Germany [16] | |||
| 23.5 (39.6) | Ireland [17] | |||
| 49.9 (39.2) | Norway [18] | |||
| 26.8 (40.3) | Sweden [19] | |||
| Average | 35.0 (42.5) | 3.0 (72.7) | ||
| Alcohol | 25.2 (72.8) | USA [2] | 44.5 (70.0) | USA [20] |
| 32.6 (87.9) | Japan [12] | 69.7 (92.3) | Japan [10] | |
| 22.0 (79.0) | Australia [13] | 71.6 (81.7) | Germany [21] | |
| 10.0 (97.2) | China [14] | |||
| 22.0 (77.7) | UK [15] | |||
| 34.5 (87.8) | Germany [16] | |||
| 23.2 (75.3) | Ireland [17] | |||
| 9.7 (83.6) | Norway [18] | |||
| 4.8 (80.5) | Sweden [19] | |||
| Average | 20.4 (82.4) | 61.9 (81.3) | ||
| Hypertriglyceridemia | 4.9 (65.6) | USA [2] | 6.1 (51.5) | USA [20] |
| 2.3 (69.7) | Japan [12] | 0.9 (50.0) | Japan [10] | |
| 10.4 (72.9) | China [14] | |||
| 2.3 (61.1) | UK [22] | |||
| Average | 5.0 (67.3) | 3.5 (50.8) | ||
| Hypercalcemia | NA * (78.0) | France [23] | 0.6 (66.7) | USA [20] |
| 0.6 (71.4) | Japan [10] | |||
| Average | NA * (78.0) | 0.6 (69.1) | ||
| Trauma | 0.1 (62.5) | Japan [12] | 2.0 (63.6) | USA [20] |
| 3.5 (20.0) | Norway [18] | 0.3 (66.7) | Japan [10] | |
| Average | 1.8 (41.3) | 1.2 (65.2) | ||
| Autoimmune | NA * | NA * | 2.4 (46.2) | USA [20] |
| NA * (75) | Japan [24] | |||
| Average | 2.4 (60.6) | |||
| Malignancy | 3.6 (66.7) | China [25] | 0.4 (0) | USA [20] |
| Average | 3.6 (66.7) | 0.4 (0) |
* NA = Not available.