Table 5.
Subjective sleep outcomes for the placebo, DHA-rich, and EPA-rich treatment groups. Estimated marginal means and standard error (SE) for week 13 and week 26 are presented with F and p values of the main effects from the linear mixed models.
| Variable | Treatment | Week 13 | Week 26 | Main Effects | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Mean | SE | Mean | SE | F | p | |||
| Getting to Sleep (0–300) | Placebo | 86 | 182.49 | 6.69 | 170.63 | 6.69 | Treatment | 0.243 | 0.785 |
| DHA-rich | 177.13 | 7.28 | 177.05 | 6.56 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 176.04 | 7.09 | 167.88 | 6.98 | Treatment × Visit | 0.557 | 0.575 | ||
| Quality of Sleep (0–200) | Placebo | 86 | 118.12 | 6.65 | 112.38 | 6.74 | Treatment | 0.438 | 0.647 |
| DHA-rich | 118.47 | 7.19 | 118.64 | 6.53 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 109.22 | 7.02 | 112.26 | 6.92 | Treatment × Visit | 0.392 | 0.677 | ||
| Awake Following Sleep (0–200) | Placebo | 86 | 107.23 | 6.01 | 113.52 | 6.12 | Treatment | 0.518 | 0.598 |
| DHA-rich | 118.80 | 6.62 | 115.34 | 5.91 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 112.80 | 6.37 | 113.05 | 6.27 | Treatment × Visit | 0.379 | 0.686 | ||
| Behaviour Following Wakening (0–300) | Placebo | 86 | 191.09 | 7.68 | 180.02 | 7.79 | Treatment | 0.814 | 0.447 |
| DHA-rich | 181.98 | 8.38 | 165.39 | 7.57 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 169.66 | 8.20 | 188.93 | 8.09 | Treatment × Visit | 5.03 | 0.009 | ||
| Rested (%) | Placebo | 86 | 66.21 a | 3.67 | 59.80 | 3.74 | Treatment | 4.71 | 0.012 |
| DHA-rich | 56.44 a | 4.06 | 50.65 | 3.60 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 68.79 | 3.91 | 61.09 | 3.82 | Treatment × Visit | 0.034 | 0.966 | ||
| Energetic (%) | Placebo | 86 | 65.69 a | 3.21 | 60.20 | 3.26 | Treatment | 3.55 | 0.034 |
| DHA-rich | 56.35 a | 3.56 | 51.23 | 3.16 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 60.42 | 3.42 | 62.51 | 3.37 | Treatment × Visit | 1.05 | 0.354 | ||
| Relaxed (%) | Placebo | 86 | 64.87 | 3.21 | 65.82 | 3.26 | Treatment | 1.37 | 0.260 |
| DHA-rich | 61.12 | 3.49 | 58.81 | 3.14 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 65.60 | 3.40 | 65.47 | 3.35 | Treatment × Visit | 0.191 | 0.827 | ||
| Irritable (%) | Placebo | 86 | 26.74 | 3.70 | 27.70 | 3.77 | Treatment | 1.46 | 0.238 |
| DHA-rich | 31.95 | 4.09 | 35.10 | 3.64 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 28.70 | 3.92 | 27.25 | 3.85 | Treatment × Visit | 0.196 | 0.822 | ||
| Ready to Perform (%) | Placebo | 86 | 65.70 | 2.81 | 66.23 | 2.86 | Treatment | 3.21 | 0.045 |
| DHA-rich | 61.56 b | 3.08 | 56.68 | 2.76 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 66.88 b | 2.98 | 66.43 | 2.92 | Treatment × Visit | 0.668 | 0.515 | ||
| Good Night’s Sleep (%) | Placebo | 86 | 65.88 | 4.30 | 59.53 | 4.38 | Treatment | 1.61 | 0.205 |
| DHA-rich | 63.06 | 4.72 | 50.85 | 4.23 | |||||
| EPA-rich | 68.37 | 4.54 | 62.69 | 4.45 | Treatment × Visit | 0.392 | 0.677 | ||
a = significant difference between active and placebo groups, p < 0.050; b = significant difference between the active treatment groups, p < 0.050.