Figure 4.

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of NDVs representing historical and current genotypes by the maximum likelihood method. The evolutionary history was inferred by using the maximum-likelihood method based on the general time reversible model. The tree with the highest log likelihood (−32,597.46) is shown. Virus description in the tree includes genotype classification, accession number, host, year of isolation and country as described by Dimitrov [22]. The percentage of trees in which the associated taxa clustered together is shown next to the branches. Initial tree(s) for the heuristic search were obtained automatically by applying neighbor-join and BioNJ algorithms to a matrix of pairwise distances estimated using the maximum composite likelihood (MCL) approach and then selecting the topology with superior log likelihood value. The tree is drawn to scale, with branch lengths measured in the number of substitutions per site. The analysis involved 146 nucleotide sequences. Codon positions included were 1st+2nd+3rd+noncoding. All positions containing gaps and missing data were eliminated. There were a total of 1653 positions in the final dataset. Evolutionary analyses were conducted in MEGA7 [69].