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. 2021 Jan 15;14(2):414. doi: 10.3390/ma14020414

Table A1.

Plain Cement Concrete (C).

Item Unit Total Concrete C Cement, CEM II/A-L 42.5R Gravel, Crushed Sand Gravel, Round
Climate change kg CO2 eq 351.17 0.00 323.24 4.83 16.16 6.94
Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 7.82 × 10−6 0.00 6.20 × 10−6 2.62 × 10−7 9.93 × 10−7 3.65 ×10−7
Terrestrial acidification kg SO2 eq 1.02 0.00 0.84 0.03 0.10 0.05
Freshwater eutrophication kg P eq 3.18 × 10−2 0.00 2.65 × 10−2 1.28 × 10−3 3.03 × 10−3 9.92 × 10−4
Marine eutrophication kg N eq 4.34 × 10−2 0.00 3.53 × 10−2 1.30 × 10−3 4.83 × 10−3 1.97 × 10−3
Human toxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 37.90 0.00 31.26 1.42 3.82 1.41
Photochemical oxidant formation kg NMVOC 1.05 0.00 0.84 0.03 0.13 0.05
Particulate matter formation kg PM10 eq 0.40 0.00 0.32 0.01 0.04 0.02
Terrestrial ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 9.99 × 10−3 0.00 7.75 × 10−3 3.98 × 10−4 1.35 × 10−3 5.01 × 10−4
Freshwater ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.83 0.00 0.62 0.05 0.12 0.04
Marine ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.90 0.00 0.69 0.04 0.13 0.05
Ionising radiation kBq U235 eq 18.46 0.00 15.49 0.66 1.79 0.51
Agricultural land occupation m2a 2.45 0.00 1.91 0.11 0.31 0.13
Urban land occupation m2a 3.27 0.00 1.46 0.24 1.12 0.45
Natural land transformation m2 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00
Water depletion m3 417.59 0.12 368.09 11.94 27.02 10.42
Metal depletion kg Fe eq 6.55 0.00 4.07 0.49 1.42 0.57
Fossil depletion kg oil eq 42.84 0.00 34.23 1.41 5.12 2.08