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. 2021 Jan 15;14(2):414. doi: 10.3390/ma14020414

Table A2.

Cement concrete with limestone waste recovery (PA0).

Item Unit Total Concrete PA0 Cement, CEM II/A-L 42.5R Limestone, Crushed, Washed Fly Ash Limestone Residue Superplasticizer *
Climate change kg CO2 eq 408.63 0.00 377.28 19.20 0.06 −0.83 12.93
Ozone depletion kg CFC-11 eq 6.80 × 10−6 0.00 5.66 × 10−6 1.22× 10−6 6.76 × 10−9 −9.66 × 10−8 4.56 × 10−9
Terrestrial acidification kg SO2 eq 1.25 0.00 1.09 0.17 0.00 −0.01 0.00
Freshwater eutrophication kg P eq 0.03 0.00 3.04 × 10−2 2.48 × 10−3 9.27 × 10−6 −7.04 × 10−5 6.25 × 10−6
Marine eutrophication kg N eq 0.05 0.00 4.14 × 10−2 8.45 × 10−3 7.63 × 10−6 −2.92 × 10−4 5.09 × 10−6
Human toxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 37.67 0.00 34.23 3.45 0.01 −0.08 0.06
Photochemical oxidant formation kg NMVOC 1.22 0.00 1.00 2.20 × 10−1 0.00 −0.01 0.00
Particulate matter formation kg PM10 eq 0.58 0.00 0.42 1.60 × 10−1 0.00 0.00 4.43 × 10−5
Terrestrial ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.01 0.00 0.01 1.60 × 10−3 0.00 0.00 2.54 × 10−5
Freshwater ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.77 0.00 0.67 1.09 × 10−1 0.00 0.00 1.65 × 10−4
Marine ecotoxicity kg 1,4-DB eq 0.85 0.00 0.73 0.12 0.00 0.00 2.28 × 10−4
Ionising radiation kBq U235 eq 11.82 0.00 10.25 1.64 0.01 −0.09 0.01
Agricultural land occupation m2a 2.11 0.00 1.90 3.41 × 10−1 0.00 −0.14 0.00
Urban land occupation m2a 2.47 0.00 1.70 9.16 × 10−1 0.00 −0.15 0.00
Natural land transformation m2 0.04 0.00 0.03 5.41 × 10−3 0.00 5.95 × 10−3 6.30 × 10−6
Water depletion m3 458.14 0.15 412.78 45.28 0.28 −0.58 0.23
Metal depletion kg Fe eq 5.34 0.00 4.06 1.32 0.00 −0.04 0.00
Fossil depletion kg oil eq 44.60 0.00 38.84 6.26 0.02 −0.53 0.01

* Superplasticizer impacts were taken from the European Federation of Concrete Admixtures Associations Ltd. (EFCA) EPD®.