Table 1.
Commonly used antibiotics and corresponding selectable markers
| Antibiotic | Marker | Class |
|---|---|---|
| Kanamycin/neomycin | neo | Aminoglycoside |
| Chloramphenicol/thiamphenicol | cat | Chloramphenicol |
| Erythromycin | ermB, ermF | Macrolide |
| Ampicillin/carbenicillin | bla | Beta-lactam |
| Tetracycline | tetA | Tetracycline |
| Bleomycin | ble | Glycopeptide |
| Gentamicin | aacC1 | Aminoglycoside |
| Streptomycin and spectinomycin | aadA | Aminoglycoside |
| Zeocin | zeo | Glycopeptide |
| Apramycin | apr | Aminoglycoside |
| Thiostrepton | tsr | Cyclic oligopeptide |
| Puromycin | pac | Aminonucleoside |
| Hygromycin | hph | Aminoglycoside |
| Nourseothricin | nat | Aminoglycoside |
Native antibiotic resistance levels can vary widely between strains. Therefore, an MIC experiment should be performed with each target organism to determine the level of antibiotic needed for selection.