. 2021 Jan 16;22(2):874. doi: 10.3390/ijms22020874

Table 1.

AtCNGCs are involved in diverse signalling pathways ranging from development to stress responses. For each CNGC in Arabidopsis thaliana, the reported physiological or developmental roles are presented, based on phenotyping loss-of-function mutants. Where the roles of two or more CNGCs overlap, it may be postulated that a CNGC complex might form between these subunits if they co-localise. Currently, complex formation has only been investigated in a few of these cases.

Gene	Proposed Physiological or Developmental Process	References
AtCNGC1	Negative regulation of Pb²⁺ tolerance; primary root growth; gravitropism	[24,25,26]
AtCNGC2	Pathogen defence; programmed cell death; nitric oxide generation; suppression of leaf senescence; flowering time; thermotolerance (heat and chill); Ca²⁺ transport in leaves and Ca²⁺ sensitivity; jasmonic acid-induced Ca²⁺ entry	[27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39]
AtCNGC3	Germination; salt tolerance; Na⁺ and K⁺ uptake	[40]
AtCNGC4	Pathogen defence; programmed cell death; flowering time; thermotolerance (heat and chill); Ca²⁺ tolerance	[27,28,29,32,38,41]
AtCNGC5	cGMP-activated Ca²⁺ entry in guard cells; salt tolerance; root hair growth; auxin signalling	[4,42,43]
AtCNGC6	cGMP-activated Ca²⁺ entry in guard cells; thermotolerance (heat); root hair growth; auxin signalling	[4,43,44,45]
AtCNGC7	Pollen tube growth	[46,47]
AtCNGC8	Pollen tube growth	[46,47]
AtCNGC9	Root hair growth; auxin signalling	[43,44]
AtCNGC10	Negative regulation of salt tolerance; K⁺, Na⁺ and Pb²⁺ uptake; K⁺ homeostasis; negative regulation of Pb²⁺ tolerance; regulation of starch granule size; gravitropism; flowering time; hypocotyl elongation	[25,48,49]
AtCNGC11	Pathogen defence; programmed cell death; Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ uptake; Pb²⁺ tolerance; negative regulation of Cd²⁺ tolerance	[15,25,50,51,52,53]
AtCNGC12	Pathogen defence; programmed cell death	[15,50,51,52,53]
AtCNGC13	Pb²⁺ uptake; negative regulation of Pb²⁺ tolerance	[25]
AtCNGC14	Root hair growth; gravitropism; auxin signalling	[43,44,54,55,56,57]
AtCNGC15	Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ uptake; Pb²⁺ tolerance; root development	[25,58]
AtCNGC16	Heat and drought tolerance in pollen; negative regulation of Cd²⁺ tolerance	[25,59]
AtCNGC17	Growth regulation; salt tolerance	[42,60]
AtCNGC18	Pollen tube growth and guidance	[6,46,61,62,63]
AtCNGC19	Response to salt; Pb²⁺ and Cd²⁺ uptake; negative regulation of Pb²⁺ tolerance; herbivory response; pathogen defence; endophyte response; regulating cell death	[25,64,65,66,67]
AtCNGC20	Response to salt; pathogen defence; regulating cell death	[65,67]