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. 2021 Jan 17;9(1):190. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9010190

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Proposed metabolic pathway for glucose by anaerobic fungi co-cultured with methanogens. The red and green arrows indicate stimulated and inhibited pathways. The proposed metabolites are indicated in italics. AC, aconitase; ACH, acetyl-CoA hydrolase; ADH, alkoholdehydrogenase; CS, citrate synthase; E, enolase; F, fumarase; FBA, fructosebisphosphate aldolase; FDH, formate dehydrogenase; FR, fumarate reductase; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; HK, hexokinase; ICD, isocitrate dehydrogenase; LDH, lactatedehydrogenase; MCR, methyl coenzyme-M reductase; MDH, malate dehydrogenase; ME, malic enzyme; NADHD, NADH dehydrogenase; SCS, succinyl-CoA synthetase; TPI, triosephosphate isomerase; XK, xylulokinase; XI, xylose isomerase; PFK, phosphofructokinase; PFL, pyruvate formate lyase; PGK, 3-phosphoglycerate kinase; PGM, phosphoglucomutase; PK, pyruvate kinase; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase.