Figure 2.

Percent change in prostanoids associated with urinary metal concentrations. Effect estimates presented as percent change (%) for interquartile range (IQR) increase in exposure biomarker concentration. Models were adjusted for study visit, maternal age, maternal education, marital status, pre-pregnancy BMI, and exposure to secondhand smoking. Abbreviations: cobalt (Co); cesium (Cs); copper (Cu); manganese (Mn); molybdenum (Mo); antimony (Sb); tin (Sn); zinc (Zn); arsenic (As); barium (Ba); cadmium (Cd); mercury (Hg); nickel (Ni); lead (Pb). White shading indicates essential metals and grey shading indicates non-essential metals. Since Cs is not regarded as essential to the health of plants or animals nor does it present a hazard to them, Cs was considered as essential metal for the analysis. Black * denotes p value < 0.05; red * denotes a p value < 0.05 and q value (false discovery rate) < 0.05.