Table 2.
Urinary concentrations of metal(loid)s (ng/mL) and oxidative stress biomarkers (ng/mL) in 215 pregnant women from Puerto Rico 1.
| Metal(loid) 2 | LOD | % >LOD | GM | GSD | 25% | 50% | 75% | 95% | Max |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Co | 0.05 | 100 | 1.1 | 1.6 | 0.80 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 2.6 | 8.2 |
| Cs | 0.01 | 100 | 5.4 | 1.4 | 4.3 | 5.3 | 6.6 | 10.0 | 18.4 |
| Cu | 2.5 | 99.3 | 15.3 | 1.5 | 11.9 | 14.9 | 18.7 | 32.0 | 149 |
| Mn | 0.08 | 100 | 1.4 | 1.6 | 1.08 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 31.6 |
| Mo | 0.3 | 100 | 61.9 | 1.7 | 44.7 | 63.3 | 84.3 | 147.6 | 307 |
| Sb | 0.04 | 90 | 0.09 | 1.8 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.23 | 1.2 |
| Sn | 0.1 | 100 | 2.0 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 1.7 | 3.2 | 11.2 | 81.4 |
| Zn | 2 | 100 | 301 | 1.9 | 203 | 327 | 481 | 798 | 2136 |
| As | 0.3 | 100 | 11.3 | 2.2 | 6.6 | 10.9 | 17.8 | 43.1 | 128 |
| Ba | 0.1 | 99.3 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 1.4 | 2.4 | 4.4 | 10.2 | 35 |
| Cd | 0.06 | 74.5 | 0.13 | 2.3 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.20 | 0.59 | 7.6 |
| Hg | 0.05 | 98.6 | 0.56 | 2.7 | 0.30 | 0.58 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 13.6 |
| Ni | 0.8 | 98.9 | 5.1 | 1.7 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 12.3 | 32 |
| Pb | 0.1 | 72.1 | 0.24 | 2.4 | 0.1 | 0.26 | 0.41 | 1.0 | 4.6 |
| Oxidative stress Biomarkers 2 | % >LOD | GM | GSD | 25% | 50% | 75% | 95% | Max | |
| 8-iso-PGF2α | 100 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.3 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 4.6 | 11.7 | |
| 8-iso-PGF2α metabolite | 100 | 0.91 | 1.8 | 0.62 | 0.93 | 1.4 | 2.2 | 7.1 | |
| PGF2α | 100 | 2.8 | 2.1 | 1.9 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 8.3 | 40.8 |
1 Abbreviations: cobalt (Co); cesium (Cs); copper (Cu); manganese (Mn); molybdenum (Mo); antimony (Sb); tin (Sn); zinc (Zn); arsenic (As); barium (Ba); cadmium (Cd); mercury (Hg); nickel (Ni); lead (Pb); limit of detection (LOD); geometric mean (GM); geometric standard deviation (GSD). 2 Includes specific gravity-corrected urinary metal and oxidative stress biomarkers concentrations for up to three repeated samples per woman (n = 337 samples, n = 215 women among which 28 have all three measurements, 66 have two measurements, and 121 have one measurement).