Table 9.

GLM on covariates associated with transformed depression (n = 199).

Variables	Univariate Analysis			Multivariate Analysis
	b1 (95% CI)	p-Value	Partial eta2	b2 (95% CI)	p-Value	Partial eta2
Age group		0.639	0.001
Just entered work ᵚ	−0.058 (−0.301, 0.185)	0.639	0.001
Prime working age
Gender		0.157	0.010		0.703	0.001
Male	0.155 (−0.060, 0.371)	0.157	0.010	0.042 (−0.174, 0.258)	0.703	0.001
Female
Race		0.532	0.011
Malay	0.338 (−0.209, 0.886)	0.224	0.008
Chinese	0.413 (−0.149, 0.976)	0.149	0.011
Indian	0.392 (−0.238, 1.023)	0.221	0.008
Others
Marital status		0.034	0.034		0.141	0.021
Single	0.804 (0.122, 1.485)	0.021	0.027	0.552 (−0.119, 1.223)	0.106	0.014
Married	0.885 (0.212, 1.558)	0.010	0.033	0.639 (−0.023, 1.301)	0.058	0.019
Divorced
Area of residence		0.781	0.003
Urban	−0.212 (−1.278, 0.854)	0.695	0.001
Suburban	−0.112 (−1.217, 0.994)	0.842	0.000
Rural
Monthly income		0.898	0.001
Low	0.032 (−0.334, 0.399)	0.863	0.000
Middle	−0.028 (−0.351, 0.296)	0.867	0.000
High
Occupation		0.802	0.000
Doctor	−0.029 (−0.259, 0.201)	0.802	0.000
Nondoctor ᵝ
Department		0.065	0.036		0.192	0.025
ED ᶱ	0.147 (−0.147, 0.441)	0.326	0.005	0.105 (−0.195, 0.405)	0.491	0.003
Primary care	−0.142 (−0.476, 0.193)	0.405	0.004	−0.216 (−0.563, 0.130)	0.220	0.008
Ward care ᶶ	0.265 (−0.058, 0.589)	0.108	0.013	0.138 (−0.177, 0.453)	0.390	0.004
Other departments
Shift work		0.225	0.007		0.756	0.001
No	−0.131 (−0.343, 0.081)	0.225	0.007	0.041 (−0.221, 0.304)	0.756	0.001
Yes
PUI status ᵞ		0.983	0.000
No	−0.004 (−0.357, 0.349)	0.983	0.000
Yes
PCOPE ᵟ	−0.015 (−0.031, 0.002)	0.076	0.016	−0.019(−0.036, 0.002)	0.025	0.026
NCOPE ᵠ	0.047 (0.021, 0.073)	0.000	0.060	0.052 (0.025, 0.078)	0.000	0.072

ᵚ Just entered work: age 20–30. Prime working age: age 31–50. ᵝ Nondoctor: allied healthcare + nonclinician. ᶱ ED: Emergency Department. ᶶ Ward care: anesthetic + internal medicine. ᵞ PUI: patient under investigation/suspected cases. ᵟ PCOPE: positive religious coping. ᵠ NCOPE: negative religious coping. Transformed depression: transformed scores of depression using the formula Ln (Dp + 1), as depression scores were skewed. n = 199: excluded one participant who was approaching retirement age (51–64). Variables with p values < 0.25 were preserved for multivariate analyses. b¹ indicates a crude regression coefficient; b² indicates a regression coefficient (adjusted). CI represents confidence intervals. Partial eta²: effect size (estimated). Bolded p values and partial eta² represent comparison between different variable groups, while nonbolded values indicate comparison values within the same variable.