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. 2021 Jan 11;10:548430. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2020.548430

Table 2.

CT characteristics of small-sized adenocarcinoma in STAS+ and STAS- groups.

Total (n=190) STAS (n=47) Non-STAS (n=143) t, F, or z value p value
Measurements
LD entire (mm) 15 ± 4 16 ± 4 14 ± 3 4.025 0.055
LD solid (mm) 10 ± 6 15 ± 5 9 ± 6 2.408 0.122
CTR 0.7 ± 0.4 0.9 ± 0.2 0.6 ± 0.4 23.868 0.0001***
Nodule density
pGGNs 33 [17.4] 1 [2.1] 32 [22.4] 0.0007***
mGGNs 87 [45.8] 17 [36.2] 70 [49.0] 1.526 0.127
SNs 70 [36.8] 29 [61.7] 41 [28.7] 4.073 <0.0001****
Location (lobe) 0.588 0.557
Upper lobes 94 [49.5] 25 [53.2] 69 [48.3]
Non-upper lobes 76 [40] 22 [46.8] 74 [51.7]
Location (field) 0.326 0.745
Central 69 [36.3] 18 [38.3] 51 [35.7]
Peripheral 121 63.7] 29 [61.7] 92 [64.3]
Shape 1.849 0.064
Round or oval 95 [50] 29 [61.7] 66 [46.2]
Irregular 95 [50] 18 [38.3] 77 [53.8]
Vascular change 0.602 0.547
normal 106 [55.8] 28 [59.6] 78 [54.5]
convergent 84 [44.2] 19 [40.4] 65 [45.5]
Cystic airspaces, n [%] 73 [38.4] 11 [23.4] 62 [43.4] 2.440 0.015*
Edge features
Ground glass ribbon sign 34 [17.9] 22 [46.8] 12 [8.4] 5.961 <0.0001****
Unclear tumor-lung interface 38 [20] 15 [31.9] 23 [16.1] 2.354 0.019*
Lobulation 70 [36.8] 16 [34.0] 54 [37.8] 0.459 0.647
Spiculation 92 [48.4] 34 [72.3] 58 [40.6] 3.782 0.0002***
Satellite lesions
 Absent 171 [90] 31 [66.0] 140 [97.9] <0.0001****
 Ground glass satellites 9 [4.7] 9 [19.4] 0 <0.0001****
 Solid satellites 10 [5.3] 7 [14.9] 3 [2.1] 0.003**
Nodule-pleural types
No connection 93 [48.9] 11 [23.4] 82 [57.3] 4.038 <0.0001****
Closeness 69 [36.3] 21 [44.7] 48 [33.6] 1.369 0.169
Attachment 28 [14.7] 15 [31.9] 13 [9.1] 3.83 0.0001***

LD entire, long diameter of entire tumor; LD solid, long diameter of solid component; CTR, consolidation tumor ratio; STAS, spread through air spaces; pGGNs, pure ground glass nodules; mGGNs, mixted ground glass nodules; SNs, solid nodules. Significant level marks: p < 0.05 *, p < 0.01 **, p < 0.001 ***, p < 0.0001 ****.