Table 1.

Factors affecting the progression of infection-related glomerulonephritis to chronic kidney disease.

Factor	Evaluation of the Involvement of Each Factor (Biomarkers)	Potential Intervention
1. Persistent infection	Histological staining for NAPlr and plasmin activity [11]	Use of antimicrobial agents Removal of indwelling device
2. Genetic background of the host’s complement system [12]	Serum complement levels, histological deposition of complement components, genetic testing	Use of complement—regulating medications (in the future)
3. Tubulointerstitial changes	Interstitial staining for α-SMA	Not yet determined
4. Pre-existing renal histological damage due to comorbidities [4,13]	Histopathological evaluation	Adequate treatment for comorbidities, such as hypertension and DM

NAPlr: nephritis-associated plasmin receptor; α-SMA: alpha-smooth muscle actin; DM: diabetes mellitus. Numbers of related references are listed.