ADAMTS	A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease domain with thrombospondin type 1 motifs ALPAlkaline Phosphatase
AS	aortic stenosis
BMP	bone morphogenetic protein
CAVD	calcific aortic valve disease
ECM	extracellular matrix
EMT	epithelial-mesenchymal transition
EndMT	endothelial-mesenchymal transition
EVs	extracellular vesicles
GAGs	glycosaminoglycans
HA	hyaluronic acid
HIF-1α	hypoxia inducible factor-1 α
ICAM-1	intercellular adhesion molecule 1
LOX	lysyl oxidase
LPS	lipopolysaccharides
MMPs	matrix metalloproteinases
Msx2	MshHomeobox 2
MVs	matrix vesicles
NGAL	neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin
PCSK9	proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9
PGC-1α	peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1-α
PGs	proteoglycans
PO	periostin
RHAMM	receptor for hyaluronate-mediated motility
RUNX2	runt-related transcription factor 2
SMCs	smooth muscle cells
TAVI	trans-catheter aortic valve implantation
TAVR	trans-catheter aortic valve replacement
TGF-β	transforming growth factor-β
TIMPs	tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases
TNC	tenascin-C
TSG-6	TNF-α stimulated gene-6
VECs	vascular endothelial cells
VEGF	vascular endothelial growth factor
VICs	vascular interstitial cells
α-SMA	α-smooth muscle actin