| PLWH | People living with HIV |
| ART | Antiretroviral therapy |
| OI | Opportunistic infections |
| Mtb | Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
| MAC | Mycobacterium avium complex |
| CMV | Cytomegalovirus |
| KSHV | Kaposi sarcoma associated herpesvirus |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus |
| IRIS | Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome |
| SI | Systemic inflammation |
| NICMs | Noninfectious comorbidities |
| IL | Interleukin |
| TNF | Tissue necrosis factor |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| TLR | Toll-like receptors |
| AIDS | Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
| HLA | Human leukocyte antigen |
| CXCR | chemokine receptor |
| LBP | Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein |
| CXCL | C-X-C motif chemokine ligand |
| CCL | C–C motif chemokine ligand |
| PD | Programmed cell death receptor |
| CTLA | Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein |
| LAG | Lymphocyte-activation gene |
| OXPHOS | Oxidative phosphorylation |
| ATP | Adenosine triphosphate |
| GLUT | Glucose transporter |
| HAND | HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder |
| CKD | Chronic kidney diseases |
| CVD | Cardiovascular disease |
| TF | Tissue factor |
| PAR | Protease activated receptor |
| WHO | World Health Organization |
| MIP | Macrophage inflammatory protein |
| HIF | Hypoxia-inducible factor |
| IFN | Interferon |
| MMPs | Matrix metalloproteinases |
| TIMP | tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases |
| TB-IRIS | tuberculosis-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome |
| M-IRIS | Mycobacterial IRIS |
| C-IRIS | Cryptococcus IRIS |
| VZV | Varicella-zoster virus |
| EOD | End-organ diseases |
| HHV | Human herpesvirus |
| CSF | Cerebrospinal fluid |
| PJP | Pneumocystis pneumonia |
| LTA4H | leukotriene A4 hydroxylase |
| KIR | killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors |
| BMI | Body mass index |
| DTG | Dolutegravir |
| INSPIRING | International Study of Patients with HIV on Rifampicin ING |