Table 2.
Univariable and multivariable associations of baseline characteristics with plasma concentrations of TMAO in renal transplant recipients.
| Univariable Regression | Multivariable Regression | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | β (95% CI) | p-Value | β (95% CI) | p-Value |
| Sex, male, yes | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.21) | 0.83 | — | — |
| Age, year | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.12) | 0.54 | — | — |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 0.06 (−0.04, 0.15) | 0.24 | — | — |
| SBP, mm Hg | 0.06 (−0.03, 0.15) | 0.21 | 0.15 (0.03, 0.27) | 0.01 |
| DBP, mm Hg | −0.05 (−0.14, 0.05) | 0.32 | −0.13 (−0.25, −0.02) | 0.03 |
| Heart rate, bpm | 0.03 (−0.07, 0.12) | 0.56 | — | — |
| Glucose, mmol/L | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.11) | 0.72 | — | — |
| TG, mmol/L | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.12) | 0.53 | — | — |
| TC, mmol/L | −0.09 (−0.19, 0.00) | 0.05 | −0.15 (−0.24, −0.06) | 0.001 |
| HDL-C, mmol/L | −0.12 (−0.21, −0.02) | 0.01 | — | — |
| HbA1C, % | 0.02 (−0.08, 0.11) | 0.71 | — | — |
| eGFR, mL/min/1.73 m2 | −0.29 (−0.38, −0.20) | <0.001 | −0.28 (−0.36, −0.19) | <0.001 |
| CKD stage, yes | ||||
| G2 | 0.01 (−0.56, 0.57) | 0.99 | — | — |
| G3a | 0.10 (−0.47, 0.67) | 0.74 | — | — |
| G3b | 0.46 (−0.10, 1.00) | 0.11 | — | — |
| G4 | 0.88 (0.29, 1.50) | 0.003 | — | — |
| G5 | 1.00 (0.02, 1.90) | 0.04 | — | — |
| UAE, mg/24 h | 0.08 (−0.01, 0.17) | 0.08 | — | — |
| Current smoking, yes | 0.10(−0.19, 0.39) | 0.49 | — | — |
| Alcohol consumption, g/day | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.05) | 0.39 | — | — |
| Total energy intake, kcal/day | −0.07 (−0.16, 0.02) | 0.12 | — | — |
| Egg intake, g/day | 0.03 (−0.06, 0.11) | 0.57 | 0.09 (0.01, 0.18) | 0.03 |
| Vegetable intake, g/day | −0.07 (−0.16, 0.01) | 0.10 | — | — |
| Fruit intake, g/day | −0.04 (−0.13, 0.04) | 0.33 | — | — |
| Vegetable and Fruit intake, g/day | −0.07 (−0.16, 0.02) | 0.13 | — | — |
| Fiber intake, g/day | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.01) | 0.06 | −0.14 (−0.22, −0.05) | 0.002 |
| Fish and Seafood intake, g/day | 0.15 (0.06, 0.24) | <0.001 | 0.12 (0.03,0.21) | 0.01 |
| Meat intake, g/day | −0.01 (−0.09, 0.08) | 0.89 | — | — |
| Transplant vintage, year | 0.01 (−0.08, 0.10) | 0.84 | — | — |
| Preemptive, yes | −0.23 (−0.47, 0.00) | 0.05 | — | — |
| Living donor, yes | −0.24 (−0.43, −0.05) | 0.02 | −0.08 (−0.17, 0.00) | 0.06 |
| HLA-A,-B broad antigen mismatch, yes | ||||
| 1 | −0.12 (−0.41, 0.16) | 0.39 | — | — |
| 2 | 0.04 (−0.22, 0.30) | 0.75 | — | — |
| 3 | 0.05 (−0.31, 0.40) | 0.80 | — | — |
| 4 | −0.16 (−0.60, 0.29) | 0.48 | — | — |
| HLA-DR broad antigen mismatch, yes | ||||
| 1 | 0.08 (−0.12, 0.29) | 0.43 | — | — |
| 2 | 0.07 (−0.26, 0.41) | 0.66 | — | — |
| Tacrolimus, yes | 0.31 (0.08, 0.54) | 0.009 | — | — |
| Cyclosporine, yes | −0.01 (−0.19, 0.17) | 0.92 | — | — |
| Azathioprine, yes | 0.15 (−0.08, 0.38) | 0.19 | — | — |
| Mycophenolic acid, yes | −0.16 (−0.35, 0.03) | 0.09 | — | — |
| Prednisolone dose, mg/day | −0.01 (−0.10, 0.09) | 0.89 | — | — |
| Statins, yes | 0.02 (−0.17, 0.21) | 0.83 | — | — |
| Diuretics, yes | 0.23 (0.04, 0.42) | 0.02 | — | — |
Standardized beta regression coefficients (95% confidence intervals) are shown. Abbreviations: β, standardized beta regression coefficient; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; BPM, beats per minute; TG, triglycerides; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; UAE, urinary albumin excretion; HLA, human leukocyte antigen.