Table 4.
Direct Effects (Model 2).
| Independent variable | Dependent variable | Unstandardized coefficient (b) | SE | t | p | 95 % CI (lower, upper) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age → | COVID-19 worries | −.005 | .002 | −2.271 | .023 | −.009, -.0007 |
| Gender → | COVID-19 worries | .083 | .049 | 1.701 | .089 | −.013, .179 |
| PEMC → | COVID-19 worries | −.108 | .068 | −1.596 | .111 | −.241, .025 |
| PEMHC → | COVID-19 worries | .140 | .056 | 2.510 | .012 | .030, .249 |
| PVC → | COVID-19 worries | .279 | .018 | 15.674 | < .001 | .244, .314 |
| Age→ | Traumatic stress | -.007 | .002 | −3.567 | < .001 | −.011, -.003 |
| Gender → | Traumatic stress | -.012 | .044 | -.266 | .790 | -.097, .074 |
| PEMC → | Traumatic stress | -.083 | .060 | −1.389 | .165 | -.201, .034 |
| PEMHC → | Traumatic stress | .049 | .050 | .988 | .324 | −.049, .147 |
| PVC → | Traumatic stress | .086 | .018 | 4.720 | < .001 | .051, .122 |
| COVID-19 worries → | Traumatic stress | .418 | .033 | 12.681 | <.001 | .354, .483 |
| Social isolation → | Traumatic stress | .291 | .022 | 12.727 | < .001 | .246, .336 |
| CRW X social isolation → | Traumatic stress | .126 | .028 | 4.493 | < .001 | .071, .182 |
Note. SE = standard error; CI = confidence interval; PEMC = pre-existing medical conditions; PEMHC = pre-existing mental health conditions; PVC = perceived vulnerability to COVID-19; CRW = COVID-19-related worries. Gender is coded as 0 = man, 1 = woman. PEMC is coded as 0 = no, 1 = yes. PEMHC is coded as 0 = no, 1 = yes or uncertain.