Table 3.
Demographic characteristics of presymptomatic and symptomatic patients.
| Characteristic | Presymptomatic (n = 86,196) |
Symptomatic (n = 396,217) |
Presymptomatic vs Symptomatic£ | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive SARS-CoV-2 (%) | 95% CI | p-value | Positive SARS-CoV-2 (%) | 95% CI | p-value | p-value | |
| Total | 25,520 (29.61) | (29.30−29.91) | 171,218 (43.21) | (43.06−43.37) | --- | ||
| Sex | |||||||
| Female | 11,313 (13.12) | (12.90−13.35) | <0.0001 | 84,285 (21.27) | (21.15−21.40) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Male | 14,207 (16.48) | (16.23−16.73) | 86,933 (21.94) | (21.81−22.07) | |||
| Age€ | |||||||
| <10 | 288 (25.62) | (23.07−28.18) | 0.0003 | 955 (34.64) | (32.90−36.39) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| 10−20 | 1413 (27.41) | (26.19−28.63) | <0.0001 | 7493 (37.86) | (37.18−38.54) | <0.0001 | |
| 21−40 | 13,042 (28.80) | (28.39−29.23) | 0.0008 | 90,248 (42.08) | (41.88−42.29) | <0.0001 | |
| 41−65 | 9418 (31.09) | (30.57−31.61) | ns | 64,279 (45.31) | (45.06−45.58) | <0.0001 | |
| >65 | 1359 (31.21) | (29.84−32.59) | ref | 8203 (47.48) | (46.74−48.23) | ref | |
| Contact with COVID-19 casesa | |||||||
| No | 7401 (8.59) | (8.40−8.77) | <0.0001 | 81,591 (20.59) | (20.47−20.72) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 8152 (9.46) | (9.26−9.55) | 81,975 (20.69) | (20.56−20.82) | |||
| Family member with COVID-19b | |||||||
| No | 3067 (3.56) | (3.43−3.68) | <0.0001 | 121,600 (30.69) | (30.55−30.83) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 5085 (5.90) | (5.74−6.06) | 49,618 (12.52) | (12.42−12.63) | |||
| Non-communicable diseases | |||||||
| Hypertension | |||||||
| No | 24,449 (28.36) | (28.06−28.67) | ns | 159,917 (40.36) | (40.21−40.51) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 1071 (1.24) | (1.17−1.32) | 11,301 (2.85) | (2.80−2.90) | |||
| Diabetes | |||||||
| No | 24,615 (28.56) | (28.26−28.86) | ns | 160,904 (40.61) | (40.46−40.76) | ns | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 905 (1.05) | (0.98−1.12) | 10,314 (2.60) | (2.55−2.65) | |||
| Obesity | |||||||
| No | 25,306 (29.36) | (29.05−29.66) | ns | 168,006 (42.40) | (42.25−42.56) | 0.0013 | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 214 (0.25) | (0.22−0.28) | 3212 (0.81) | (0.78−0.84) | |||
| Smoking | |||||||
| Non-smokers | 22,481 (26.08) | (25.79−26.37) | ref | 144,547 (36.48) | (36.33−36.63) | ref | <0.0001 |
| Passive smokers | 1236 (1.43) | (1.35−1.51) | <0.0001 | 11,602 (2.93) | (2.88−2.98) | <0.0001 | |
| Smokers | 1803 (2.09) | (2.00−2.19) | <0.0001 | 15,069 (3.80) | (3.74−3.86) | <0.0001 | |
| Influenza Vaccinationc | |||||||
| No | 18,630 (21.61) | (21.34−21.89) | <0.0001 | 123,991 (31.29) | (31.15−31.44) | ns | <0.0001 |
| Yes | 4736 (5.49) | (5.34−5.65) | 40,808 (10.30) | (10.20−10.39) | |||
Note:
£
Presymptomatic vs. Symptomatic p-value, calculate by chi–square test for every feature. Age groups were defined as children (<10), young people (10−20), young adults (21−40), adults (41−65), and older adults (>65).
€
The trend of age-specific incidence was evaluated with the chi-squared (χ2) test for trend and was statistically significant in presymptomatic (p < 0.0273) and symptomatic (p < 0.0001).
a
Missing values: Presymptomatic = 9,967, Symptomatic = 7,652.
b
It should be noted that some categories can be counted more than once.
c
Missing values = Presymptomatic = 2,154, Symptomatic = 6,419.