Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2020 Dec 8;8(2):121–129. doi: 10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30491-0

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

PMC Copyright notice

Trajectories of symptom severity before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in relation to severity and chronicity of depressive, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorders

Severity is the number of lifetime disorders (A). Chronicity is the percentage of previous waves with current disorders (B). Baseline levels refer to average scores of QIDS, BAI, PSWQ, and DeJong Q in the preceding waves before the COVID-19 pandemic. Mixed models were adjusted for age, gender, education, living situation, and date of response. Data are mean; error bars show the SE. QIDS=16-item Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms. BAI=21-item Beck Anxiety Inventory. PSWQ=11-item Penn State Worry Questionnaire. DJGLS=6-item De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale.