Table 2.

Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 system in cardiovascular diseases.

Sr. no.	Name of cardiovascular diseases	Target cell/tissue/organ	Target gene	Application	Name model organism	Vector used	Reference
1.	Cardiomyopathy	Cardiomyocytes	Myh6	Demonstrated the role of Myh6 in heart function	Mice	Adeno-associated virus	102
2.	Atherosclerosis	Embryo	Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)	To study human cardiovascular disease by accessing the level of biochemical constituents	Pigs	Genome editing	107
		Fibroblast and myoblast	Mef2d and Klf15 loci	Controlling transcription in cardiomyocytes of the postnatal heart	Mice	Genome editing	108
3.	Cardiac dysfunction	Lineage-negative bone marrow cells	TET2 and Dnmt3a	Role of targeted genes in cardiac dysfunction and renal fibrosis	Mice	Lentivirus	109
4.	Duchenne muscular dystrophy	C2C12 mouse myoblasts	Dmd exon 44	Restoration of dystrophin protein expression	Mice	Adeno-associated virus	110
5.	Atherosclerosis	Hepatocytes	Low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)	Effective therapeutic approach for the treatment of familial hypercholesterolemia	Mice	Adeno-associated virus	111