Table 2.

Independent predictors of abdominal pain in CD

Variable	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
Prior bowel surgery	1.47	0.95–2.26	0.0834
Elevated CRP	1.37	0.81–2.30	0.2388
Elevated ESR	1.79	1.11–2.87	0.0158
Psychiatric disorder	1.87	1.13–3.09	0.0148
Antidepressant/anxiolytic use	0.91	0.53–1.57	0.7458
Opiate use	2.46	1.33–4.57	0.0043
Steroid use	1.42	0.84–2.39	0.1923
Anti-TNF use	0.71	0.46–1.10	0.1280
Active smoking	2.08	1.27–3.40	0.0035

“Psychiatric disorder” included clinical diagnoses of major depressive disorder or generalized anxiety disorder. “Antidepressant/anxiolytic use” included patient use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, tri- or tetracyclic antidepressants, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, buspirone, bupropion, benzodiazepines and/or bupropion. Values listed in bold within the table are considered to represent statistically significant differences (i.e., P < 0.05)