Table 1.
Study, patient, and infection characteristics
| Author, year | Country | Setting | Sample size | Age | Female (n, %) |
Bacteria diagnostic method | Infection type | Bacterial infection (n, %) |
Antibiotic use (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arentz M, 2020 | USA | ICU (critically Ill) | 21 | 70 (mean) | 10 (47.6) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 1 (4.8) | Unspecified |
| Barrasa H, 2020 | Spain | ICU (critically ill) | 48 | 63 (median) | 21 (43.8) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 6 (12.5) | 87.5 |
| Bhatraju P, 2020 | USA | ICU (critically ill) | 15 | 64 (mean) | 9 (37.5) | Respiratory, blood culture | Co-infection | 0 (0.0) | Unspecified |
| Cai Q, 2020 | China | Hospital | 298 | 48 (median) | 153 (51.3) | Unspecified | Secondary | 30 (10.1) | 12.4 |
| Chen N, 2020 | China | Hospital | 99 | 56 (mean) | 32 (32.3) | Respiratory culture | Co-infection | 1 (1.0) | 70.7 |
| Chen T, 2020 | China | Hospital | 203 | 54 (median) | 95 (46.8) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 2 (1.0) | Unspecified |
| Feng Y, 2020 | China | Hospital | 410 | 53 (median) | 205 (43.1) | Respiratory culture | Secondary | 35 (8.5) | 67.0 |
| Lian J, 2020 | China | Hospital | 788 | 46 (mean) | 381 (48.4) | Unspecified | Secondary | 0 (0.0) | Unspecified |
| Ling L, 2020 | China | ICU (critically ill) | 8 | 64.5 (mean) | 4 (50.0) | Unspecified culture | Co-infection Secondary |
0 (0.0) 2 (25.0) |
100.0 |
| Liu W, 2020 | China | Hospital | 78 | 38 (median) | 39 (50.0) | Respiratory NAAT | Co-infection | 0 (0.0) | Unspecified |
| Liu Y, 2020 | China | Hospital | 12 | 54 (mean) | 4 (33.3) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 2 (16.7) | Unspecified |
| Mo P, 2020 | China | Hospital | 155 | 54 (median) | 69 (44.5) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 2 (1.3) | Unspecified |
| Pongpirul W, 2020 | Thailand | Hospital | 11 | 56 (mean) | 5 (45.5) | Respiratory NAAT | Co-infection | 5 (45.4) | 55.5 |
| Tan Y, 2020 | China | Hospital (children) | 10 | 7 (mean) | 7 (70.0) | Respiratory culture | Co-infection | 0 (0.0) | 10.0 |
| Wang L, 2020 | China | Hospital (adults >60) | 339 | 71 (mean) | 173 (51.0) | Unspecified | Secondary | 143 (42.2) | Unspecified |
| Wang Z, 2020 | China | Hospital | 29 | 42 (median) | 37 (53.6) | Respiratory culture | Co-infection | 3 (10.3) | 98.6 |
| Wu C, 2020 | China | Hospital | 148 | 51 (median) | 73 (36.3) | Respiratory culture | Co-infection | 0 (0.0) | 97.5 |
| Wu J, 2020 | China | Hospital | 280 | 43 (median) | 129 (46.1) | Respiratory culture | Co-infection | 6 (2.1) | 67.1 |
| Wu J, 2020 | China | Hospital | 80 | 46 (mean) | 41 (51.3) | Respiratory culture | Co-infection | 0 (0.0) | 91.3 |
| Xia W, 2020 | China | Hospital (children) | 20 | 2 (median) | 7 (35.0) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 4 (20.0) | Unspecified |
| Yang X, 2020 | China | ICU (critically Ill) | 52 | 60 (mean) | 17 (32.7) | Respiratory, blood culture | Secondary | 7 (13.5) | 94.2 |
| Young B, 2020 | Singapore | Hospital | 18 | 47 (median) | 9 (50.0) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 0 (0) | Unspecified |
| Zheng F, 2020 | China | Hospital (children) | 25 | 3 (median) | 11 (44.0) | Unspecified | Co-infection | 4 (16.0) | 52.0 |
| Zhou F, 2020 | China | Hospital | 191 | 56 (median) | 72 (37.7) | Respiratory, blood culture | Secondary | 28 (14.7) | 94.8 |
NAAT, nucleic acid amplification.