Table 3.
Subgroup analysis of the attack rate of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
| Variable | Patients | Events | Unadjusted OR |
Adjusted ORa |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95%CI) | p | OR (95%CI) | p | |||
| Age, years | ||||||
| <60 (n = 934) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 611 | 17 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb | 323 | 6 | 0.661 (0.258, 1.694) | 0.3889 | 0.685 (0.245, 1.915) | 0.4702 |
| ≥60 (n = 1132) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 806 | 14 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb |
326 |
9 |
1.606 (0.688, 3.748) |
0.2731 |
1.370 (0.542, 3.466) |
0.5060 |
| Sex | ||||||
| Male (n = 574) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 454 | 10 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb | 120 | 4 | 1.531 (0.472, 4.970) | 0.4783 | 2.430 (0.606, 9.739) | 0.2101 |
| Female (n = 1492) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 963 | 21 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb |
529 |
11 |
0.953 (0.456, 1.991) |
0.8972 |
0.909 (0.408, 2.026) |
0.8161 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Hypertension (n = 1089) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 760 | 12 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb | 329 | 5 | 0.962 (0.336, 2.753) | 0.9428 | 1.109 (0.337, 3.646) | 0.8646 |
| No hypertension (n = 977) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 657 | 19 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb |
320 |
10 |
1.083 (0.498, 2.357) |
0.8404 |
1.026 (0.434, 2.422) |
0.9537 |
| bDMARDs/tsDMARDs use within 1 year | ||||||
| bDMARDs/tsDMARDs use (n = 204) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 194 | 3 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb | 10 | 0 | <0.001 (<0.001, >999.999) | 0.9793 | 0.049 (<0.001, >999.999) | 0.9624 |
| No bDMARDs/tsDMARDs use (n = 1802) | ||||||
| HCQ non-user | 1223 | 28 | (ref) | (ref) | ||
| HCQ userb | 639 | 15 | 1.026 (0.544, 1.935) | 0.9367 | 1.111 (0.556, 2.221) | 0.7661 |
Events = number of COVID-19 diagnoses.
OR, odds ratio; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; bDMARDs, biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; tsDMARDs, targeted synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs.
b
Hydroxychloroquine use within 14 days.
a
Adjusted for age, sex, region, a month of test, hypertension, congestive heart failure, pulmonary disease, peptic ulcer disease, the use of biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug, the number of healthcare uses, and RA- or SLE-related hospitalization within 1 year.