Table 6.

Meta-Analysis outcomes for COVID-19 patients (random-effects model) (N = 35).

Item	No. of studies	Prevalence%	95% CI	n	I2	T2	P-value for testing heterogeneity.	Egger's test P
Demographical characteristics
Age (mean in years)	21	46.8	41.0–52.6	20	99.78	180.467	<0.001	0.0438
Male	33	54.0	51.3–56.7	32	69.535	0.040	<0.001	0.0189
Co-Morbidities
Co-morbidities	17	29.5	19.0–36.6	16	98.738	1.372	<0.001	0.8677
DM	17	13.8	8.7–21.1	17	96.645	1.076	<0.001	0.0183
Hypertension	15	11.7	5.7–22.6	14	98.66	2.241	<0.001	0.0025
CVD	16	9.7	6.5–14.2	15	92.455	9.639	<0.001	0.0441
COPD	14	3.9	2.9–5.3	13	62.282	0.132	<0.001	0.1004
Clinical manifestations
Fever	31	82.0	67.7–90.8	30	98.557	4.531	<0.001	0.0117
Cough	29	54.3	45.5–62.9	28	93.792	0.779	<0.001	0.0090
Fatigue	21	30.2	23.3–38.1	20	83.651	0.465	<0.001	0.9873
Sputum	13	28.5	21.2–37.2	12	83.783	0.390	<0.001	0.7643
Sore Throat	10	21.7	14.6–31.0	9	74.296	0.338	<0.001	0.3871
Headache	13	11.0	7.9–15.2	12	68.412	0.227	<0.001	0.4517
Hemoptysis	3	5.3	3.0–8.9	2	0	0	0.424	0.1580
Laboratory findings
Leukocytosis	16	7.5	4.5–12	15	85.716	0.842	<0.001	0.0093
Leukopenia	17	16.0	9.5–25.7	16	93.670	1.342	<0.001	0.2359
Lymphopenia	17	41.9	30.1–54.7	16	97.302	1.074	<0.001	0.0956
High Creatinine	7	7.7	3.2–17.3	6	86.947	1.135	<0.001	0.1139
High LDH	10	51.5	40.3–62.6	9	94.679	0.463	<0.001	0.0074
CRP	12	48.1	29.8–66.9	11	96.494	1.622	<0.001	0.0215
ESR	4	23.5	11.1–42.9	3	79.739	0.752	0.002	0.0214
Complications
RNA Anemia	13	98.2	96.2–99.2	12	0	0	0.974	0.0001
Hospitalization	23	83.7	76.0–89.3	22	89.67	0.784	<0.001	0.0613
Bilateral Pneumonia	19	70.9	58.2–81.0	18	92.552	1.207	<0.001	0.0485
Unilateral Pneumonia	15	26.2	14.6–42.2	14	91.829	1.723	<0.001	0.2087
ARDS	6	23.6	12.9–39.2	5	91.623	0.703	<0.001	0.7139
Shock	7	8.5	4.4–10.8	6	74.476	0.516	<0.001	0.0254
Discharge	16	43.5	24.9–64.2	15	98.13	2.84	<0.001	0.8226
Death	17	10.5	6.8–16.1	16	94.32	0.816	<0.001	0.0214

No, number; CI, confidence interval; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ICU, intensive care unit. LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ARDS, acute respiratory distress syndrome; CRP, C-reactive protein.

Q Cochran's Q statistic for heterogeneity. n, degree of freedom, I² Index for the degree of heterogeneity. T² Tau-squared measure of heterogeneity.