Table 2.
Investigations of hospitalized COVID-19 patients in Oman stratified by intensive care unit (ICU) admission.
| Characteristic, n (%) unless specified otherwise |
All (N = 63) |
Non-ICU (n = 39) |
ICU (n = 24) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC count, median (IQR), ×109/L | 2 (2–2) |
2 (2–2) |
2 (2–2.5) |
0.161 |
| <3.5 | 7 (11%) | 5 (13%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| 3.5–9.5 | 46 (73%) | 30 (77%) | 16 (67%) | 0.254 |
| >9.5 | 10 (16%) | 4 (10%) | 6 (25%) | |
| ALC, median (IQR), ×109/L (n = 62) | 1.1 (0.8–1.5) |
1.3 (1–1.6) |
0.8 (0.6–1.1) |
0.003 |
| <1.1 | 29 (47%) | 15 (39%) | 15 (58%) | |
| 1.1–3.2 | 31 (50%) | 22 (58%) | 9 (38%) | 0.308 |
| >3.2 | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (4.2%) | |
| Platelet count, median (IQR), ×109/L (n = 62) | 225 (177–299) |
215 (169–264) |
253 (213–322) |
0.049 |
| <125 | 1 (1.6%) | 1 (2.6%) | 0 | |
| 125–400 | 57 (92%) | 35 (92%) | 22 (92%) | 0.781 |
| >400 | 4 (65%) | 2 (5.3%) | 2 (8.3%) | |
| Hb, median (IQR), g/dL | 13 (12–14) |
13 (12–15) |
13 (12–14) |
0.090 |
| ≤11.5 | 10 (16%) | 5 (13%) | 5 (21%) | 0.485 |
| >11.5 | 53 (84%) | 34 (87%) | 19 (79%) | |
| D-Dimer, median (IQR), μg/mL (n = 54) | 0.6 (0.3–2.4) |
0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
2.3 (0.7–4.3) |
<0.001 |
| ≤0.55 | 22 (41%) | 18 (58%) | 4 (17%) | 0.005 |
| >0.55 | 32 (59%) | 13 (42%) | 19 (83%) | |
| CRP, median (IQR), mg/dL (n = 62) | 82 (32–144) |
37 (17–94) |
148 (101–208) |
<0.001 |
| ≤6 | 5 (8.1%) | 5 (13%) | 0 | 0.147 |
| >6 | 57 (92%) | 33 (87%) | 24 (100%) | |
| Serum lactate, median (IQR), mmol/L (n = 39) | 1.3 (1–1.9) |
1.5 (1.1–2) |
1.3 (0.9–1.7) |
0.247 |
| ≤2 | 34 (87%) | 12 (75%) | 22 (96%) | 0.139 |
| >2 | 5 (13%) | 4 (25%) | 1 (4.4%) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase, median (IQR), U/L (n = 51) | 350 (283–477) |
293 (221–345) |
444 (367–643) |
<0.001 |
| ≤250 | 11 (22%) | 10 (37%) | 1 (4.2%) | 0.006 |
| >250 | 40 (78%) | 17 (63%) | 23 (96%) | |
| Ferritin, median (IQR), μg/L (n = 33) | 841 (504–1240) | 632 (394–1045) | 965 (573–1364) | 0.069 |
| ≤600 | 13 (39%) | 8 (50%) | 5 (29%) | 0.296 |
| >600 | 20 (61%) | 8 (50%) | 12 (71%) | |
| Bilirubin, median (IQR), mmol/L (n = 50) | 10 (6–14) |
8 (5.5–11) |
13 (8–25) |
0.007 |
| ≤21 | 43 (86%) | 28 (100%) | 15 (68%) | 0.002 |
| >21 | 7 (14%) | 0 | 7 (32%) | |
| Creatinine, median (IQR), μg/L (n = 62) | 81 (68–90) |
82 (68–90) |
74 (60–91) |
0.462 |
| 35–115 | 58 (94%) | 35 (92%) | 23 (96%) | 1.000 |
| >115 | 4 (6.5%) | 3 (7.9%) | 1 (4.2%) | |
| Corrected calcium, median (IQR), mmol/L (n = 54) | 2.2 (2.0–2.3) |
2.3 (2.2–2.3) |
2.0 (2.0–2.1) |
<0.001 |
| ≤2.15 | 26 (48%) | 5 (17%) | 21 (88%) | <0.001 |
| >2.15 | 28 (52%) | 25 (83%) | 3 (13%) | |
| G6PD deficiency (n = 62) | ||||
| Normal | 56 (90%) | 37 (97%) | 19 (79%) | |
| Partial deficiency | 4 (6.5%) | 0 | 4 (17%) | 0.019 |
| Complete deficiency | 2 (3.2%) | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (4.2%) | |
| pH, median (IQR) (n = 38) | 74 (7.3–7.5) |
74 (7.4–7.5) |
74 (7.3–7.5) |
0.544 |
| ≤7.3 | 8 (21%) | 1 (7.1%) | 7 (29%) | 0.216 |
| >7.3 | 30 (79%) | 13 (93%) | 17 (71%) | |
| pCO2, median (IQR) (n = 38) | 36 (32–42) |
34 (32–39) |
37 (33–51) |
0.107 |
| <35 | 16 (42%) | 8 (57%) | 8 (33%) | |
| 35–45 | 14 (37%) | 6 (43%) | 8 (33%) | 0.042 |
| >45 | 8 (21%) | 0 | 8 (33%) | |
| pO2, median (IQR) (n = 37) | 62 (54–78) |
60 (49–65) |
66 (54–101) |
0.109 |
| ≤75 | 27 (73%) | 12 (86%) | 15 (65%) | 0.260 |
| >75 | 10 (27%) | 2 (14%) | 8 (35%) | |
| PaO2/FiO2, median (IQR) (n = 33) | 233 (155–280) |
269 (237–295) |
195 (145–247) |
0.019 |
| Severe | 3 (9.1%) | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (9.5%) | |
| Moderate | 10 (30%) | 0 | 10 (48%) | 0.005 |
| Mild | 20 (61%) | 11 (92%) | 9 (43%) | |
| RR, median (IQR), breaths/min (n = 58) | 22 (20–26) |
22 (20–26) |
22 (20–32) |
0.800 |
| ≤22 | 32 (55%) | 22 (56%) | 10 (53%) | 1.000 |
| >22 | 26 (45%) | 17 (44%) | 9 (47%) | |
| PR, median (IQR), breaths/min | 89 (80–100) |
89 (80–104) |
87 (78–100) |
0.515 |
| ≤90 | 36 (57%) | 22 (56%) | 14 (58%) | 1.000 |
| >90 | 27 (43%) | 17 (44%) | 10 (42%) | |
| SBP, median (IQR), mmHg (n = 61) | 129 (117–142) |
130 (120–143) |
124 (112–142) |
0.224 |
| ≤100 | 1 (1.6%) | 0 | 1 (4.6%) | 0.361 |
| >100 | 60 (98%) | 39 (100%) | 21 (95%) | |
| SpO2, median (IQR), % | 95 (80–97) |
96 (95–98) |
80 (80–86) |
<0.001 |
| ≤93 | 30 (48%) | 6 (15%) | 24 (100%) | <0.001 |
| >93 | 33 (52%) | 33 (85%) | 0 | |
| QTc interval, median (IQR), ms (n = 42) | 435 (402–452) | 436 (418–451) | 430 (398–452) | 0.842 |
| <430 | 20 (48%) | 13 (45%) | 7 (54%) | |
| 431–450 | 10 (24%) | 8 (28%) | 2 (15%) | 0.759 |
| >450 | 12 (29%) | 8 (28%) | 4 (31%) | |
| Chest examination | ||||
| Normal | 17 (27%) | 17 (44%) | 0 | <0.001 |
| Crepitation | 46 (73%) | 22 (56%) | 24 (100%) | |
| Chest X-ray | ||||
| Normal | 2 (3.2%) | 2 (5.3%) | 0 | |
| Major bilateral abnormality | 15 (24%) | 3 (7.9%) | 12 (50%) | <0.001 |
| Infiltrations/patchy shadowing | 45 (73%) | 33 (87%) | 12 (50%) |
WBC, white blood cell; IQR, interquartile range; ALC, absolute lymphocyte count; Hb, haemoglobin; CRP, C-reactive protein; GCS, Glasgow coma scale; pCO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide; pO2, partial pressure of oxygen; PaO2/FiO2, ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen; RR, respiratory rate; PR, pulse rate; SpO2, peripheral capillary oxygen saturation.
Column percentages might not add up to 100% due rounding off.