Table 1.
Characteristics of Patients With COVID-19 Treated in 94 LTACHs Admitted March Through May 2020
| Characteristic | Patients With COVID-19 n = 992 (13.2%) | Non-COVID-19 Patients n = 6,497 (86.8%) | Measure of Associationa |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age, mean (SD) | 64.1 (13.0) | 64.7 (14.0) | 0.01b |
| Female, No. (%) | 439 (44.3) | 2,845 (43.8) | −0.01c,d |
| Race, No. (%) | 0.01c,e | ||
| Asian | 13 (1.3) | 40 (0.6) | |
| Black | 302 (30.4) | 1,232 (19.0) | |
| White | 572 (57.7) | 4,673 (71.9) | |
| Other | 105 (10.6) | 552 (8.5) | |
| LTACH Region, No. (%)f | 0.01c,e | ||
| East North Central | 488 (49.2) | 1,875 (28.9) | |
| South Atlantic | 196 (19.8) | 1,758 (27.1) | |
| Middle Atlantic | 116 (11.7) | 577 (8.9) | |
| East South Central | 64 (6.5) | 834 (12.8) | |
| Mountain | 45 (4.5) | 357 (5.5) | |
| West North Central | 44 (4.4) | 449 (6.9) | |
| West South Central | 29 (2.9) | 485 (7.5) | |
| Pacific | 10 (1.0) | 121 (1.9) | |
| South Central | 0 (0) | 41 (0.6) | |
| LTACH admission | |||
| STACH length-of-stay in days, mean (SD) | 26.7 (13.2) | 19.6 (13.8) | 0.17b,c |
| Patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation, No. (%) | 447 (48.1) | 2,871 (44.2) | 0.08c,d |
| Patients with a tracheostomy in-place, No. (%) | 469 (62.2) | 3,178 (48.9) | 0.08c,d |
| LTACH Course | |||
| LOS, mean, days (SD) | 26.7 (19.2) | 31.5 (22.6) | −0.07b,c |
| Discharge disposition, No. (%)g | 0.01e | ||
| Mortality | 141 (14.3) | 1,133 (17.6) | |
| Home | 212 (21.5) | 1,186 (18.4) | |
| STACH (readmission) | 87 (8.8) | 644 (10.0) | |
| Lower level of careh | 524 (53.0) | 3,135 (48.7) | |
| Otheri | 24 (2.4) | 344 (5.3) |
LOS = length of stay; LTACH = long-term acute-care hospital; STACH = short-term acute-care hospital.
Point-biserial correlation coefficient,b Goodman and Kruskal lambda,e or phi coefficientd were used to indicate the strength of a measure’s relationship to a patient having COVID-19 based on the statistic’s divergence from zero, and in the case of b and d, whether there was either a negative or positive relationship.
Approximate significance at the .001 level for the test of association.
No network LTACH facilities are located in the New England region.
7,430 of the 7,489 total patients were discharged at the time of analysis.
Lower level of care includes inpatient rehabilitation hospitals and skilled nursing facilities.
“Other” includes left against medical advice, LTACH, nursing home, federal hospital, hospice, and unknown.