Table 3.

Factors associated with low medication adherence among diabetes patients

Factors	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P-value
Gender
Male	1.34 (1.12–1.60)	0.001*	1.37(1.13–1.67)	0.002*
Female	Ref.		Ref.
Education
Primary and below	Ref.		Ref.
Secondary	0.93(0.75–1.15)	0.495	1.04(0.82–1.3)	0.76
Higher secondary	0.66(0.5–0.86)	0.002*	0.79(0.59–1.05)	0.099
Higher education	0.81(0.63–1.03)	0.086	1.1(0.83–1.45)	0.527
Income
< 233 USD	1.52(1.18–1.96)	0.001*	1.54(1.17–2.03)	0.002*
233–410 USD	1.43(1.12–1.84)	0.005*	1.43(1.1–1.84)	0.007*
411–585 USD	1.08(0.82–1.43)	0.575	1.08(0.81–1.43)	0.613
> 585 USD	Ref.		Ref.
Co-morbidities
Eye problemsa	1.54(1.29–1.83)	<0.001	1.45(1.21–1.74)	P < 0.001
Diabetic ulcera	1.58(1.17–2.15)	0.003*	1.42(1.04–1.94)	0.027*
Consumption of fruits and vegetables
≥3 times/day	Ref.		Ref.
<3 times/day	0.57(0.38–0.86)	0.008*	0.53(0.35–0.81)	0.003*

^aNo problems; *Statistical significance at P < 0.001.