Table 1.

Eligibility criteria for the identification of studies describing HK and LIDI in HD patients.

PICOS element	Inclusion criteria	Exclusion criteria
Population	Adults (aged ≥ 18 years) with acute renal failure or chronic/end-stage renal disease in receipt of hemodialysis	Patients not receiving hemodialysis Paediatric patients (aged < 18 years) Patients without acute renal failure or chronic/end-stage renal disease
Intervention and comparison	Hemodialysis	Interventions other than hemodialysis Other dialysis modalities (e.g., peritoneal dialysis, home dialysis)
Outcomes	Prevalence, incidence of HK All-cause mortality Cardiovascular mortality Cardiovascular events (including MI, stroke, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, TIA, angina)	Outcomes of interest not reported
Study design	Any relevant study design (including RCTs, non-RCTs, epidemiological studies, observational studies)	Case series, case reports Guidelines, letter, editorial, review, retracted Systematic reviewsa Non-human studies
Language restriction	English language only	Studies published in languages other than English
Publication date restriction	None	None

HK: hyperkalemia; MI: myocardial infraction; RCTs: randomized controlled trials; TIA: transient ischemic attack.

^aSuch study designs were used only to identify potentially relevant primary studies that had not been captured through database searches.