Table 2.
Summary of patient characteristics and outcomes in studies reporting frequency of HK in HD patients stratified by population.
| HD population (no. of studies) |
Publication type | Study design | Cohort size (N) | Age (years)a, % male | HD vintage (months)a,b | Median prevalence (IQR) | Incidence rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ESRD (n = 40) [9,17,20–23,25,26,29–31, 35–41,43,44,46,47, 50,54,55,59,63, 65–67,70,72,74–79, 82,84,85] |
33 Full texts 7 Abstracts |
22 Observational 3 non-RCT trials 12 RCTs 3 NR |
10–55,183 | 60.6 (5.3), 59% | 42.3 (27.9) 3x weekly schedule |
19.0% (7.8–38.9%) |
15.1–26.0 events per 100 patient-months |
| CKD (n = 21) [18,19,24,27,32–34, 42,45,48,49, 51,53,56–58,60,61, 64,69,71] |
17 Full texts 4 Abstracts |
14 Observational 2 non-RCT trials 3 RCTs 2 NR |
5–74,219 | 56.3 (6.9), 58.8% | 59.8 (20.1) 3x weekly schedule |
24.0% (7.6–38.8%) |
– |
| AKI (n = 4) [28,52,73,80] |
2 Full texts 2 Abstracts |
All observational | 46–105 | 52.8 (14.7), 63.8% | Intermittent HD | 27.3% (16.0–38.4%) |
– |
| eHD (n = 5) [16,62,68,81,83] |
3 Full text 2 Abstract |
4 Observational 1 NR |
37–489 | 53.8 (7.5), 60.2% | eHD | 24.0% (21.1–37.6%) |
– |
AKI: acute kidney injury; CKD: chronic kidney disease; eHD: emergency hemodialysis; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HD: hemodialysis; IQR: interquartile range; NR: not reported; RCTs: randomized controlled trials.
aMean (SD).
bReported in a limited number of studies only.