Table 4.
Studies reporting an association between HK and the inter-dialytic period.
| Author, year, country (publication type) | Population | S-K+ levels (mmol/L) | Subgroup (N) | Follow-up | HD schedule | HK prevalence |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Outcome measure | Value (95% CI) | ||||||
| Chevarria et al. 2010, Spain (Abstract) | ESRD on HD | >6.0 | Total population (20) | 12 monthsa | 3x weekly; MWF or TTS |
OR | 2.8 (1.47–5.33) |
| Singh et al. 2017, USA (Abstract) |
ESRD on HD | >5.0 | Dialysate K+ <3.0 mmol/L (179) | 12 days | Unclear; 6 HD within 12 days | Percentage | 50.0 |
| Dialysate K+ ≥3.0 mmol/L (33) | 12 days | 36.0 | |||||
| Yusuf et al. 2016, USA (Full text) |
ESRD on maintenance HD | ≥5.5 | Day after LIDI 2007 cohort (28,774) |
9 monthsa (19,336b) | 3x weekly; MWF or TTS |
Rate per 100 patient-months | 58.7 (57.7–59.8)c |
| Day after LIDI 2008 cohort (34,788) |
9 monthsa (23,503b) | 62.2 (61.2–63.2)c | |||||
| Day after LIDI 2009 cohort (34,571) |
9 monthsa (24,271b) | 62.9 (61.9–63.9)c | |||||
| Day after LIDI 2010 cohort (36,888) |
9 monthsa (23,272b) | 61.6 (60.6–62.6)c | |||||
| Day after SIDI 2007 cohort (28,774) |
9 monthsa (38,673b) | 28.8 (28.3–29.3)c | |||||
| Day after SIDI 2008 cohort (34,788) |
9 monthsa (47,005b) | 27.6 (27.2–28.1)c | |||||
| Day after SIDI 2009 cohort (34,571) |
9 monthsa (48,541b) | 26.3 (25.8–26.7)c | |||||
| Day after SIDI 2010 cohort (36,888) |
9 monthsa (46,543b) | 26.2 (25.8–26.7)c | |||||
CI: confidence interval; ESRD: end-stage renal disease; HD: hemodialysis; HK: hyperkalemia; LIDI: long inter-dialytic interval; MWF: Monday-Wednesday-Friday; OR: odds ratio; SIDI: short inter-dialytic interval; S-K+: serum potassium; TTS: Tuesday-Thursday-Saturday.
aMean.
bCumulative follow-up time in months.
cRate of HK was computed as a ratio of total number of HK episodes and cumulative follow-up time; 95% CI for the rates of HK were calculated based on normal approximation.