Table 2.
Demographic and clinical variables by group among unadjusted and propensity-matched cohorts, stratified by statin therapy.
| Variables | Overall population (N = 842) | Unadjusted data |
Propensity score matched data |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statin group (N = 179) | No-statin group (N = 663) | P-value | Statin group (N = 145) | No-statin group (N = 145) | P-value | ||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, years | 64 (61–77) | 73 (65–81) | 61 (49–74) | < .001 | 71 (64–79) | 72 (61–80) | 0.707 |
| Age ≥ 65, N (%) | 123 | 276 | < .001 | 106 (73) | 100 (69) | 0.439 | |
| Male gender, N (%) | 519 (62) | 126 (70) | 393 (59) | 0.006 | 100 (69) | 97 (67) | 0.707 |
| BMI (kg/m2) ≥ 30 kg/m, N (%) | 79 (9) | 24 (13) | 55 (8) | 0.037 | 18 (12) | 17 (12) | 0.797 |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | |||||||
| Hypertension | 380 (45) | 138 (77) | 242 (37) | < .001 | 106 (73) | 101 (70) | 0.517 |
| Diabetes | 140 (17) | 63 (35) | 77 (12) | < .001 | 44 (30) | 52 (36) | 0.319 |
| Dyslipidemia | 201 (24) | 177 (98) | 24 (4) | < .001 | |||
| Smoking | 94 (11) | 33 (18) | 61 (9) | < .001 | 20 (14) | 18 (12) | 0.729 |
| CAD | 112 (13) | 74 (41) | 38 (6) | < .001 | 41 (28) | 36 (25) | 0.507 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 75 (9) | 30 (17) | 45 (7) | < .001 | 23 (17) | 22 (15) | 0.872 |
| Heart failure | 38 (5) | 20 (11) | 18 (3) | < .001 | 14 (10) | 14 (10) | 1.000 |
| CKD | 62 (7) | 25 (14) | 37 (6) | < .001 | 18 (13) | 19 (13) | 0.861 |
| COPD | 61 (7) | 15 (8) | 46 (7) | 0.510 | 12 (8) | 15 (10) | 0.546 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 32 (4) | 14 (8) | 18 (3) | 0.001 | 8 (6) | 9 (6) | 0.804 |
| Malignancy | 66 (8) | 20 (11) | 46 (7) | 0.062 | 14 (10) | 8 (6) | 0.185 |
| Statins therapy, N (%) | |||||||
| Atorvastatin | 87 (49) | – | |||||
| Simvastatin | 54 (30) | – | |||||
| Rosuvastatin | 29 (16) | – | |||||
| Other Statins | 9 (5) | – | |||||
| Symptoms on admission, N (%) | |||||||
| Cough | 594 (71) | 118 (66) | 476 (72) | 0.126 | 100 (69) | 107 (74) | 0.364 |
| Shortness of breath | 402 (48) | 96 (54) | 306 (46) | 0.076 | 76 (52) | 74 (51) | 0.815 |
| Sore throat | 149 (18) | 18 (10) | 131 (20) | 0.003 | 16 (11) | 29 (20) | 0.035 |
| Sputum production | 39 (5) | 10 (6) | 29 (4) | 0.494 | 9 (6) | 7 (5) | 0.608 |
| Myalgia | 97 (12) | 26 (15) | 71 (11) | 0.156 | 22 (15) | 20 (14) | 0.740 |
| Diarrhea | 87 (10) | 20 (11) | 67 (10) | 0.678 | 18 (12) | 11 (8) | 0.172 |
| Nausea/Vomiting | 39 (5) | 12 (7) | 27 (4) | 0.138 | 12 (8) | 5 (3) | 0.081 |
| Symptom onset, days | 6 (3–9) | 7 (3–10) | 0.346 | 6 (3–8) | 7 (3–10) | 0.438 | |
| Hospital admission | |||||||
| Fever, N (%) | 736 (87) | 149 (83) | 587 (89) | 0.058 | 121 (83) | 129 (89) | 0.174 |
| Temperature, °C | 38 (37.5–38.3) | 38 (37.5–34.4) | 38 (37.6–38.3) | 0.111 | 38 (37.5–38.4) | 38 (37.5–38.2) | 0.628 |
| Heart rate, beat x min | 38 (75–99) | 82 (73–96) | 86 (75–99) | 0.061 | 82 (75–95) | 85 (74–100) | 0.698 |
| Respiratory Rate,min. | 20 (18–21) | 20 (18–20) | 20 (18–21) | 0.129 | 20 (18–20) | 20 (20–22) | 0.075 |
| Oxygen saturation, % | 96 (93–98) | 95 (91–97) | 96 (93–98) | < .001 | 95 (91–97) | 96 (92–98) | 0.137 |
| PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 310 (190–386) | 265 (133–338) | 324 (214–395) | < .001 | 274 (149–348) | 305 (184–367) | 0.082 |
| PaO2, median | 78 (67–89) | 76 (63–88) | 78 (68–90) | 0.048 | 74.5 (62.3–87) | 74 (63–86.5) | 0.710 |
| MAP, mmHg | 97 (90–105) | 99 (90–107) | 97 (90–105) | 0.222 | 100 (90–110) | 95 (87–103) | 0.064 |
| NEWS | 3 (2–5) | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | < .001 | 4 (2–6) | 3 (2–5) | 0.054 |
| Moderate/severe disease (NEWS ≥ 5) | 104 (58) | 291 (44) | < .001 | 88 (61) | 69 (48) | 0.025 | |
Continuous variables are reported as median (interquartile range).
BMI=Body mass index; CAD= Coronary artery disease; CKD = Chronic kidney disease; COPD= Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PaO2 = oxygen partial pressure at arterial gas analysis; FiO2 = fraction of inspired oxygen; MAP = mean aortic pressure; NEWS = National Early Warning Score.