Skip to main content
. 2020 Dec 21;16(12):e1008289. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008289

Fig 2. Diagram of causally emergent relationships.

Fig 2

Causally emergent features have predictive power beyond individual components. Downward causation takes place when that predictive power refers to individual elements; causal decoupling when it refers to itself or other high-order features.