Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics in Patients With History of HF from April 1, 2020, to September 30, 2020
| Other Hospitalizations (n = 100,068) | Acute HF Hospitalizations (n = 23,843) | COVID-19 Hospitalizations (n = 8,383) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, yrs | 70.3 ± 13.4 | 70.4 ± 13.6 | 71.7 ± 13.2 |
| Males | 50,592 (50.6) | 12,758 (53.5) | 4,178 (49.8) |
| Race/ethnicity | |||
| Black Hispanic | 256 (0.3) | 86 (0.4) | 34 (0.4) |
| Black non-Hispanic | 14,983 (15.0) | 4,807 (20.2) | 1,892 (22.6) |
| Other/unknown | 22,332 (22.3) | 5,389 (22.6) | 2,659 (31.7) |
| White Hispanic | 3,430 (3.4) | 904 (3.8) | 406 (4.8) |
| White non-Hispanic | 59,085 (59.0) | 12,657 (53.1) | 3,392 (40.5) |
| Black or Hispanic | 22,442 (22.4) | 6,939 (29.1) | 3,147 (37.5) |
| Discharge month | |||
| April | 26,471 (26.4) | 6,211 (26.0) | 2,781 (33.2) |
| May | 22,826 (22.8) | 5,903 (24.8) | 1,892 (22.6) |
| June | 20,317 (20.3) | 5,094 (21.4) | 1,044 (12.5) |
| July | 16,624 (16.6) | 3,711 (15.6) | 1,511 (18.0) |
| August | 10,463 (10.5) | 2,216 (9.3) | 900 (10.7) |
| September | 3,385 (3.4) | 708 (3.0) | 255 (3.0) |
| Region | |||
| Midwest | 28,589 (28.6) | 6,341 (26.6) | 1,843 (22.0) |
| Northeast | 17,000 (17.0) | 4,212 (17.7) | 2,852 (34.0) |
| South | 43,453 (43.4) | 10,605 (44.5) | 3,062 (36.5) |
| West | 11,044 (11.0) | 2,685 (11.3) | 626 (7.5) |
| Teaching hospital | 2,055 (61.9) | 2,074 (59.5) | 776 (49.1) |
| LVEF Category | |||
| HFrEF “systolic” | 40,500 (40.5) | 13,542 (56.8) | 3,318 (39.6) |
| HFpEF “diastolic” | 40,283 (40.2) | 8,263 (34.7) | 3,486 (41.6) |
| Unspecified | 19,303 (19.3) | 2,038 (8.5) | 1,579 (18.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Obesity | 28,567 (28.5) | 8,478 (35.6) | 2,461 (29.4) |
| Morbid obesity | 16,558 (16.5) | 5,372 (22.5) | 1,425 (17.0) |
| Hypertension | 82,535 (82.5) | 22,819 (95.7) | 6,997 (83.5) |
| Diabetes | 53,785 (53.7) | 13,669 (57.3) | 5,107 (60.9) |
| History of arrhythmia | 54,374 (54.3) | 14,980 (62.8) | 4,548 (54.3) |
| Valvular disease | 20,622 (20.6) | 7,985 (33.5) | 1,417 (16.9) |
| Kidney disease | 52,247 (52.2) | 15,692 (65.8) | 5,020 (59.9) |
| ESKD | 13,609 (13.6) | 2,493 (10.5) | 1,689 (20.1) |
| Smoking | 53,103 (53.1) | 13,170 (55.2) | 3,665 (43.7) |
| Pulmonary disease | 44,353 (44.3) | 11,503 (48.2) | 3,539 (42.2) |
| Asthma | 6,419 (6.4) | 1,515 (6.4) | 628 (7.5) |
| Anemia | 8,500 (8.5) | 2,670 (11.2) | 628 (7.5) |
| Malignancy | 6,562 (6.6) | 708 (3.0) | 290 (3.5) |
Values are mean ± SD or n (%). p < 0.001 for all comparisons.
ESKD = end-stage kidney disease; HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction; LVEF = left ventricular ejection fraction.