Table 2.
Cross-sectional studies investigating the relationship between Overeating Behavior and Emotion Regulation.
| Author (Year) | Country | Sample | Instrument 1 (Overeating Behavior) | Instrument 2 (Emotion Regulation) | Relation Between Variables | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age (Years) M (SD) |
Gender (Males) | Typology of Population | Correlation and Regression | Differences between Groups | ||||
| Bayraktar, 2015 [57] | Turkey | 401 | Range of age: 18–19 |
122 (30.4%) |
Adolescents | EAT-26 | DERS | AERS and EB presented a significant positive correlation | |
| Book & Berant, 2013 [58] | Israel | 90 | Patients 16.70 (1.16) / Controls 16.82 (1.30) |
0 (0%) | 45 HC (BMI < 25) and 45 OWA (BMI ≥ 25) or OA (BMI ≥ 30) | EAT-26 | NMR | DDE predicted the ability to RNEEB that predicted higher susceptibility to obesity | |
| Cuesta-Zamora, González-Martíb, & García-Lópeza, 2018 [59] | Spain | 382 preadolescents / 380 adolescents |
Preadolescents 10.55 (0.60) / Adolescents 13.53 (1.25) |
Preadolescents 184 (48.2%) / Adolescents 198 (52%) |
Normal population | EDI-3 | TEIQue-ASF | TEIQue-ASF presented a significant negative correlation both with EDI-3 and its subscales (BD-EDI-3, DT-EDI-3 and B-EDI-3). EI emerged as a significant predictor of BD-EDI-3, B-EDI-3 and EDI-3-TS both in boys and girls |
|
| Czaja, Rief, & Hilbert, 2009 [60] | Germany | 127 (65 LOC+ and 62 LOC-) | LOC+ 10.62 (1.46) / LOC− 10.92 (1.47) |
25 LOC+ (41.7%) / 27 LOC− (45%) |
Normal population | DEBQK | FEEL-KJ | r FEEL-KJ and DEBQ-K (ExE and EmE) presented a significant positive correlation | LOC+ children reported higher use of mERs for anxiety, anger, and sadness than LOC- |
| Ferrer, Green, & Oh, 2017 [61] | USA | 1556 | 14.45 (1.62) |
778 (50%) |
Adolescents | 27-item dietary screener | Four-item version of the ERQ | ERQ-ES was a predictor of EmE, lower F&V consumption frequency and greater HF consumption frequency | |
| Goossens, Van Malderen, Varn Durme, et al., 2016 [62] | Belgium | 528 | 15.08 (1.59) |
155 (29.4 %) |
Normal adolescents | ChEDE-Q |
FEEL-KJ | LOC+ vs. LOC− Regarding mERs, LOC+ adolescents reported more NEG, S-DEV, and RUM, WIT than LOC− ones. Regarding aERs, LOC− used, compared to LOC+, reported more use of P-OA, DIS, PIGH, ACC, CPS |
|
| Gouveia, Canavarro, Moreira, 2018 [63] | Portugal | 245 | 14.49 (1.71) |
Normal adolescents 62 (51.7%) / Adolescents in nutritional treatment 62 (49.6%) |
136 OWA and 109 OA / 125 (51%) patients and 120 (49%) from the community |
DEBQ | DERS-SF | DER resulted to be positively correlated with EmE | No significant differences were found for difficulties in emotion regulation, or emotional eating |
| Isasi, Ostrovsky, Wills, 2013 [64] | USA | 602 | 12.7 (0.8) |
253 (42%) |
Students | YAQ (Dietary assessment) / YRBS (Physical Activity) / A 6-item scale for S-EHFC / A 6-item scale for S-EBPA |
An instrument to assess ER, including: a scale for soothability / A 5-item scale for sadness management / A 4-item scale for anger management) |
ER was positively correlated to S-EBPA and S-EHFC that was related to F&V intake ER was a direct predictive factor of snack/junk food intake |
|
| Laghi, Bianchi. Pompili, 2018 [65] | Italy | 804 | 17.45 (1.02) |
404 (50.3 %) |
Students | BES | DERS (Scale “Lack of emotional awareness” was considered as an independent measure) | ED and LEA resulted to be not only positively correlated to BE, but also its significant predictors. Regarding LEA, it is true only at high levels of NCT | |
| Laghi, Liga, Pompili, 2019 [66] | Italy | 1004 | 17.9 (0.8) |
395 (39.34%) |
Students | BES | ERQ | BES-TS and ERQ-ES were positively correlated. ERQ-CR and ERQ-ES were negatively and positively, respectively, predictors of BE |
|
| Li, 2018 [67] | China | 784 | 17.12 (1.32) |
382 (48.72%) |
Students | EAT-26 (Chinese version) | WLEIS | EAT-26 and WLEIS were positively correlated. EI was a negative predictor of EaDR. |
|
| Lu, Tao, Hou, 2016 [68] | China | 4316 | Range of age: 11–17 |
- | Students | FFQ / DEBQ |
ERQ | ERQ-CR In boys, it was found a positive correlation with N-DDP. In girls, a positive correlation with N-DDP and a negative one with E-RDP. ERQ-ES In boys, it was found a positive correlation with EmE. In girls, a positive correlation with both EmE and E-RDP and a negative one with N-DDP In girls, E-RDP was predicted by: ERQ-ES → EmE → E-RDP |
|
| McEwen, Flouri, 2008 [69] | England | 203 | 14.04 (1.91) |
78 (38.4%) |
Students | EAT-26 | DERS | DER and EaDS were positively correlated | |
| Mills, Newman, Cossar et al., 2014 [70] | United Kingdom | 222 | 15.38 (1.05) |
123 (55.4%) |
Students | EAT-26 | 21 items-REQ | DER and DEa were positively correlated DER was a predictor of DEa |
|
| Minnich, Gordon, 2017 [71] | USA | 1344 | 18.97 (1.24) |
481 (35%) |
Students | BES | TAS-20 | TAS-20 and BES were positive correlated | |
| Percinel, Ozbaran, Kose et al., 2016 [72] | Turkey | 60 | 30 patients 14.57 (2.07) / 30 controls 14.73 (1.85) |
Patients 4 (13.3%) / Controls 4 (13.3%) |
30 patients EO / 30 Controls |
DERS | DERS-TS and all its subscale were significantly higher in EO group compared to HC | ||
| Shank, Tanofsky-Kraff, Kelly et al., 2019 [73] | USA | 200 | 13.1 (2.8) |
92 (46%) |
Community sample | EDE interview / Emotional Eating Scale for Children and Adolescents / Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire |
AQC | Alexithymia was a predictive factor of emotional eating, eating-related psychopathology, and eating in the absence of hunger. | |
| Tan, Xin, Wang, 2017 [74] | China | 2042 | OWA 15.06 (1.95) / OA 14.50 (1.93) / HC 14.92 (1.80) |
OWA 500 (71.43%) / OA 230 (71.65%) / HC 730 (71.50%) |
Students OWA: 700 (34.28%) / OA: 321 (15.71%) / HC: 1021 (50%) |
CERQ | Greater S-B and RUM were predictors of higher BMI, while greater ACC and “P-REF were predictors of lower BMI. | OA obtained the highest scores on both S-B and RUM scales, and OWA obtained higher scores than HC. HC obtained the highest scores on ACC, P-REF, and P-REA |
|
| Vandewalle, Moens, Braet, 2014 [75] | Belgium | 110 | 13.59 (1.64) |
47 (42.7%) |
Children and adolescents with obesity | DEBQ-child version | FEEL-KJ | mERs and EmE were positively correlated mERs and Adjusted BMI were negatively correlated mERs, but not aERs, was a significant predictor of EmE |
|
| Wong, Ling, Chang, 2014 [76] | Taiwan | 1028 | 16.1 (0.7) |
420 (40.86%) |
Students divided into 4 groups: UW, NW, OW and OA | EAT-26 | Adolescent Emotional Intelligence Scale | EAT-26-TS was positively correlated with EI and its subscales EA, EE and EU | |
All the abbreviations can be find in the Abbreviations/Nomenclature section at the end of the manuscript.