Table 6.
Plant-derived terpenes produced by endophytic fungi.
| Plant-Derived Terpenes | Activities/Applications | Plant Source | Endophytic Source | Host Plant | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Agathic acid | Abortifacient, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, trypanocidal |
Agathis spp., Copaifera spp., Juniperus osteosperma | Botryosphaeria sp. | Maytenus hookeri | [211,212,213] |
| Bionectria sp. | Raphia taedigera | [214] | |||
| Fusarium sp. | Santalum album | [215] | |||
| Artemisinin | Antimalarial | Artemisia spp. | Anonymous | Artemisia indica | [216] |
| Asiaticoside | Antidermatitic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulatory | Centella asiatica | Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Centella asiatica | [217] |
| Azadirachtin | Hepatoprotective, insecticidal | Azadirachta indica | Penicillium (Eupenicillium) parvum | Azadirachta indica | [218] |
| Bilobalide | Neuroprotective, | Ginkgo biloba | Pestalotiopsis uvicola | Ginkgo biloba | [219] |
| Borneol | Antiapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotective | Cinnamomum camphora var. borneol | Cochliobolus nisikadoi | Cinnamomum camphora var. borneol | [220] |
| Camphor | Antimicrobial, topical skin preparations | Cinnamomum camphora | Nodulisporium sp. | Lagerstroemia loudoni | [221] |
| Cineole (Eucalyptol) |
Antimicrobial, respiratory illness | Eucalyptus spp. | Hypoxylon sp., Nodulisporium sp. | Persea indica | [222] |
| Nodulisporium sp. | Lagerstroemia loudoni | [221] | |||
| Nodulisporium sp. | Thelypteris angustifolia | [223] | |||
| Nodulisporium sp. | Cassia fistula | [224] | |||
| Annulohypoxylon sp. | Neolitsea pulchella | [225] | |||
| Dihydrocumambrin | Antibacterial, cytotoxic | Glebionis coronaria (syn. Chrysanthemum coronarium) | Botryodiplodia theobromae | Dracaena draco | [104] |
| Ginkgolide | Antiallergic, anti-inflammatory | Ginkgo biloba | Fusarium oxysporum | Ginkgo biloba | [226] |
| Isocupressic acid | Abortifacient | Conifers | Botryosphaeria sp. | Maytenus hookeri | [212,213] |
| Loliolide | Herbivore resistance | Lolium perenne | Annulohypoxylon ilanense | Cinnamomum sp. | [227] |
| Taxane (other than taxol) | Anticancer | Taxus spp. |
Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beauveria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Gelasinospora, Geotrichum, Phoma, Phomopsis |
Taxus baccata | [228] |
|
Cladosporium langeronii, Phomopsis sp. |
Wollemia nobilis | [229] | |||
| Taxol | Anticancer | Taxus brevifolia | Taxomyces andreanae | Taxus brevifolia | [11] |
| Taxomyces sp. | Taxus yunnanensis | [230] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis microspora | Taxodium distichum | [231] | |||
| Alternaria sp., Pestalotiopsis microspora | Taxus cuspidata | [232] | |||
| Fusarium lateritium, Monochaetia sp., Pestalotia bicilia | Taxus baccata | [232] | |||
| Pithomyces sp. | Taxus sumatrana | [232] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis microspora | Taxus wallichiana | [233] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis guepinii | Wollemia nobilis | [234] | |||
| Periconia sp. | Torreyagrandifolia | [235] | |||
| Seimatoantlerium nepalense | Taxus wallichiana | [236] | |||
| Alternaria sp., Pestalosiopsis sp. | Ginkgo biloba | [237] | |||
| Penicillium raistrickii | Taxus brevifolia | [238] | |||
| Tubercularia sp. | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [239] | |||
| Stegolerium kukenani | Kukenan tepuis, Roraima | [240] | |||
| Taxomyces sp. | Taxus sp. | [241] | |||
| Sporormia minima, Trichothecium sp. | Taxus wallichiana | [242] | |||
| Nodulisporium sylviforme | Taxus cuspidata | [243] | |||
| Anonymous | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [244] | |||
| Botrytis sp. | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [245] | |||
| Penicillium sp. | Taxus yunnanensis | [246] | |||
| Fusarium mairei | Rhizophora annamalayana | [247] | |||
| Phyllosticta sp. | Ocimum basilicum | [248] | |||
| Alternaria alternata, Ectostromasp., Fusarium mairei, Ozoniumsp., Papulaspora sp. | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [249] | |||
| Fusarium solani | Taxus celebica | [250] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis pauciseta | Cardiospermum helicacabum | [251] | |||
| Bartalinia robillardoides | Aegle marmelos | [252] | |||
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Justicia gendarussa | [253] | |||
| Fusarium sp. | Taxus wallichiana | [254] | |||
| Phyllosticta citricarpa | Citrus medica | [255] | |||
| Phyllosticta melochiae | Melochia corchorifolia | [256] | |||
| Phyllosticta spinarum | Cupressus sp. | [257] | |||
| Fusarium arthrosporioides | Taxus cuspidata | [258] | |||
| Aspergillus fumigatus | Podocarpus sp. | [259] | |||
| Botryodiplodia theobromae | Taxus baccata | [260] | |||
| Botrytis sp. | Taxus cuspidata | [261] | |||
| Fusarium solani | Taxus chinensis | [262] | |||
| Chaetomella raphigera | Terminalia arjuna | [263] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis terminaliae | Terminalia arjuna | [264] | |||
| Phomopsis sp. | Ginkgo biloba | [265] | |||
| Phomopsis sp. | Larix leptolepis | [265] | |||
| Phomopsis sp. | Taxus cuspidata | [265] | |||
| Phyllosticta dioscoreae | Hibiscus rosa-sinensis | [266] | |||
|
Aspergillus sp., Ceratobasidium sp., Cladosporium tenuissimum, Coniothyrium diplodiella, Epacris sp., Fusarium solani, Metarhizium anisopliae, Paraconiothyrium brasiliense, Pezicula sp., Phomopsis sp. Sordaria sp., Trichoderma sp., Xylaria sp. |
Taxus chinensis | [267] | |||
| Mucor rouxianus | Taxus chinensis | [268] | |||
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Plumeria acutifolia | [269] | |||
| Gliocladium sp. | Taxus baccata | [270] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis sp. | Catharanthus roseus | [271] | |||
|
Aspergillus candidus, Cladosporium cladosporioides |
Taxus media | [272,273] | |||
| Aspergillus niger var. taxi | Taxus cuspidata | [274] | |||
| Mucor sp. | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [275] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis neglecta, Pestalotiopsis versicolor | Taxus cuspidata | [276] | |||
| Pestalotiopsis pauciseta | Tabebuia pentaphylla | [277] | |||
| Lasiodiplodia theobromae | Morinda citrifolia | [278] | |||
|
Acremonium sp., Botryosphaeria sp., Fusarium sp., Gyromitra sp., Nigrosporasp., Penicillium sp. |
Taxus globosa | [279] | |||
| Paraconiothyrium sp. | Taxus media | [280] | |||
| Didymostilbe sp. | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [281] | |||
| Stemphylium sedicola | Taxus baccata | [282] | |||
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Tectona grandis | [283] | |||
| Perenniporia tephropora | Taxus chinensis var. mairei | [284] | |||
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium proliferatum, Guignardia mangiferae | Taxus media | [285] | |||
| Phoma betae | Ginkgo biloba | [286] | |||
| Alternaria sp. | Corylus avellana | [287] | |||
| Colletotrichum gloeosporioides | Moringa oleifera | [288] | |||
| Penicillium sp. | Taxus chinensis | [289] | |||
| Penicillium aurantiogriseum | Corylus avellana | [290] | |||
| Toosendanin | Anticancer, antifeedant | Melia azedarach | Anonymous | Melia azedarach | [291,292] |
| Withanolide | Anticancer, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer’s disease treatment |
Withaniasp. | Taleromyces pinophilus | Withania somnifera | [293] |
| Xanthatin | Antitumor | Xanthium spp. | Paecilomyces sp. | Panax ginseng | [294,295] |