Table 1.
Volatile organic compounds related to aroma in Albion variety strawberries at seven stages of maturation.
| # | Compound | KI | AL0 | AL1 | AL2 | AL3 | AL4 | AL5 | AL6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Methyl acetate + | 498 | 0.22 ± 0.01 c | 3.60 ± 0.10 b | 5.68 ± 0.72 a | 5.31 ± 0.73 a | 5.38 ± 0.30 a | 3.94 ± 0.07 b | 5.72 ± 0.18 a |
| 2 | Isopropyl acetate * | 575 | 0.24 ± 0.03 f | 0.87 ± 0.06 e | 1.45 ± 0.21 dc | 1.77 ± 0.09 a | 1.55 ± 0.02 bc | 1.26 ± 0.12 d | 1.68 ± 0.05 ba |
| 3 | Butanoic Acid, methyl ester * | 724 | 0.08 ± 0.01 f | 2.26 ± 0.12 f | 8.85 ± 0.28 e | 26.79 ± 2.01 c | 18.81 ± 0.94 d | 33.58 ± 3.43 b | 42.42 ± 2.29 a |
| 4 | Butanoic Acid, 2-methyl-, methyl ester * | 783 | 0.22 ± 0.01 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 g | 0.09 ± 0.01 f | 0.11 ± 0.01 e | 0.25 ± 0.00 c | 0.39 ± 0.01 a | 0.33 ± 0.00 b |
| 5 | Methyl isovalerate + | 783 | 0.15 ± 0.01 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.33 ± 0.02 d | 0.97 ± 0.09 c | 1.19 ± 0.08 cb | 1.49 ± 0.22 b | 3.11 ± 0.40 a |
| 6 | Butanoic acid, ethyl ester * | 810 | 0.13 ± 0.01 b | 0.13 ± 0.02 b | 0.10 ± 0.01 b | 0.26 ± 0.02 b | 0.17 ± 0.00 b | 0.31 ± 0.00 b | 22.10 ± 2.72 a |
| 7 | Cyclopentane, 1,1,3,4-tetrametyl-, cis * | 817 | 0.64 ± 0.01 b | 0.25 ± 0.03 d | 0.02 ± 0.00 f | 0.15 ± 0.02 e | 0.57 ± 0.03 c | 0.27 ± 0.03 d | 0.88 ± 0.04 a |
| 8 | Acetic Acid, butyl ester * | 825 | 0.22 ± 0.01 c | 0.03 ± 0.00 c | 0.25 ± 0.01 c | 0.16 ± 0.01 c | 0.30 ± 0.02 c | 1.34 ± 0.06 b | 13.12 ± 0.62 a |
| 9 | Methyl valerate * | 835 | 0.23 ± 0.01 b | 0.12 ± 0.02 e | 0.05 ± 0.01 f | 0.17 ± 0.02 c | 0.15 ± 0.02 dc | 0.14 ± 0.02 de | 0.44 ± 0.04 a |
| 10 | Isopropyl butyrate + | 854 | 0.09 ± 0.00 c | 0.04 ± 0.00 d | 0.37 ± 0.02 dc | 2.59 ± 0.12 c | 1.89 ± 0.02 dc | 7.78 ± 0.24 b | 20.57 ± 2.39 a |
| 11 | 1-Ethylpropyl acetate * | 858 | 0.19 ± 0.01 d | 0.07 ± 0.00 e | 0.25 ± 0.03 dc | 0.44 ± 0.04 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.32 ± 0.02 c | 0.76 ± 0.10 a |
| 12 | Cyclopentane, 1,2,3,4,5-pentamethyl * | 876 | 0.55 ± 0.03 a | 0.13 ± 0.02 d | 0.08 ± 0.01 e | 0.29 ± 0.02 c | 0.01 ± 0.00 f | 0.26 ± 0.02 c | 0.42 ± 0.04 b |
| 13 | 1-Butanol, 3-methyl-, acetate * | 886 | 0.23 ± 0.02 de | 0.14 ± 0.02 e | 0.32 ± 0.04 dc | 0.42 ± 0.00 c | 0.88 ± 0.10 b | 0.77 ± 0.07 b | 4.59 ± 0.13 a |
| 14 | 1-Butanol, 2-methyl-, acetate * | 888 | 0.10 ± 0.01 b | 0.02 ± 0.00 b | 0.21 ± 0.03 b | 0.33 ± 0.05 b | 0.01 ± 0.00 b | 0.02 ± 0.00 b | 6.62 ± 0.85 a |
| 15 | Cyclohexane, 1,1,2-trimethyl * | 889 | 4.37 ± 0.53 a | 1.71 ± 0.12 c | 1.72 ± 0.20 c | 1.29 ± 0.03 c | 4.01 ± 0.38 a | 2.50 ± 0.24 b | 0.26 ± 0.02 d |
| 16 | Hexanoic acid methyl ester + | 933 | 0.04 ± 0.00 d | 0.10 ± 0.00 d | 2.06 ± 0.19 d | 10.06 ± 0.55 c | 7.31 ± 0.29 c | 17.23 ± 1.69 b | 32.79 ± 3.74 a |
| 17 | Acetic acid, hexyl ester * | 987 | 0.21 ± 0.01 dc | 0.10 ± 0.01 d | 0.28 ± 0.03 c | 0.60 ± 0.03 b | 0.51 ± 0.05 b | 1.40 ± 0.16 a | 0.49 ± 0.07 b |
| 18 | Heptane, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl * | 1003 | 0.08 ± 0.00 c | 0.11 ± 0.01 c | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 0.19 ± 0.02 b | 0.22 ± 0.03 a | 0.18 ± 0.01 b | 0.02 ± 0.00 d |
| 19 | 3-Hexen-1-ol, acetate, (E)- * | 1013 | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.10 ± 0.01 c | 0.07 ± 0.01 c | 0.20 ± 0.02 b | 0.20 ± 0.01 b | 0.03 ± 0.00 de | 0.61 ± 0.05 a |
| 20 | 3-Carene + | 1034 | 0.15 ± 0.01 d | 0.01 ± 0.00 e | 0.36 ± 0.02 b | 0.30 ± 0.02 c | 0.17 ± 0.03 d | 0.27 ± 0.02 c | 0.73 ± 0.06 a |
| 21 | Limonene + | 1038 | 0.70 ± 0.05 a | 0.08 ± 0.00 b | 0.07 ± 0.01 b | 0.11 ± 0.00 b | 0.74 ± 0.06 a | 0.71 ± 0.09 a | 0.77 ± 0.10 a |
| 22 | 1-Hexanol, 2-ethyl + | 1040 | 0.11 ± 0.01 e | 0.09 ± 0.00 e | 0.17 ± 0.00 c | 0.76 ± 0.02 a | 0.07 ± 0.01 f | 0.35 ± 0.00 b | 0.21 ± 0.00 c |
| 23 | α-cis Ocimene * | 1052 | 0.02 ± 0.00 d | 0.17 ± 0.01 b | 0.14 ± 0.00 c | 0.02 ± 0.00 d | 0.14 ± 0.02 c | 0.22 ± 0.02 a | 0.03 ± 0.00 d |
| 24 | 1-Octyn-3-ol, 4-ethyl * | 1095 | 0.06 ± 0.01 e | 0.12 ± 0.00 d | 0.23 ± 0.02 b | 0.10 ± 0.02 d | 0.26 ± 0.01 a | 0.07 ± 0.00 e | 0.20 ± 0.01 c |
| 25 | Nonanal + | 1105 | 0.09 ± 0.01 d | 0.23 ± 0.01 b | 0.04 ± 0.01 e | 0.06 ± 0.01 e | 0.20 ± 0.01 c | 0.25 ± 0.00 a | 0.02 ± 0.00 f |
| 26 | Linalool + | 1110 | 0.18 ± 0.00 d | 0.02 ± 0.00 d | 0.49 ± 0.05 d | 2.25 ± 0.15 b | 1.21 ± 0.07 c | 2.38 ± 0.10 b | 6.31 ± 0.48 a |
| 27 | 2-Hexyl-1-octanol * | 1110 | 0.47 ± 0.04 a | 0.03 ± 0.00 f | 0.29 ± 0.03 c | 0.11 ± 0.02 e | 0.18 ± 0.01 d | 0.11 ± 0.01 e | 0.39 ± 0.01 b |
| 28 | Acetic acid, phenylmethyl ester * | 1169 | 0.12 ± 0.01 de | 0.18 ± 0.02 c | 0.15 ± 0.00 dc | 0.25 ± 0.04 b | 0.15 ± 0.01 dc | 0.08 ± 0.01 e | 0.57 ± 0.04 c |
| 29 | Acétic acid, octyl ester * | 1213 | 0.16 ± 0.02 cb | 0.14 ± 0.02 c | 0.17 ± 0.02 cb | 0.07 ± 0.01 c | 0.24 ± 0.00 cb | 0.38 ± 0.04 b | 2.25 ± 0.30 a |
| 30 | α-Copaene * | 1357 | 0.04 ± 0.00 d | 0.17 ± 0.01 c | 0.26 ± 0.03 b | 0.08 ± 0.01 d | 0.19 ± 0.02 c | 0.08 ± 0.00 d | 0.39 ± 0.06 a |
| 31 | Heptylcyclohexane * | 1359 | 7.30 ± 0.93 a | 5.62 ± 0.83 b | 4.61 ± 0.30 b | 2.69 ± 0.01 c | 2.18 ± 0.05 c | 2.24 ± 0.20 c | 0.62 ± 0.09 d |
| 32 | Nonadecane + | 1407 | 0.15 ± 0.01 c | 1.61 ± 0.04 b | 0.05 ± 0.00 c | 3.84 ± 0.28 a | 0.02 ± 0.00 c | 0.29 ± 0.02 c | 0.16 ± 0.01 c |
| 33 | Tetradecane + | 1415 | 5.50 ± 0.72 b | 0.10 ± 0.01 c | 8.70 ± 1.02 a | 0.31 ± 0.01 c | 0.95 ± 0.05 c | 0.12 ± 0.02 c | 1.03 ± 0.07 c |
| 34 | Hexadecane * | 1416 | 0.05 ± 0.00 c | 0.12 ± 0.02 c | 1.86 ± 0.28 a | 0.27 ± 0.01 c | 0.15 ± 0.01 c | 0.01 ± 0.00 c | 0.58 ± 0.07 b |
| 35 | Octylcyclohexane * | 1474 | 8.39 ± 0.45 ba | 9.15 ± 1.32 a | 7.31 ± 0.61 b | 2.93 ± 0.09 c | 1.89 ± 0.14 c | 0.18 ± 0.00 c | 0.18 ± 0.03 c |
| 36 | Germacrene D * | 1501 | 0.21 ± 0.03 dc | 0.06 ± 0.01 e | 0.14 ± 0.01 de | 0.25 ± 0.01 c | 0.88 ± 0.08 a | 0.34 ± 0.03 b | 0.12 ± 0.00 e |
| 37 | α-Farnesene + | 1506 | 0.11 ± 0.01 c | 0.05 ± 0.01 d | 0.03 ± 0.00 d | 0.14 ± 0.00 c | 0.01 ± 0.00 d | 0.39 ± 0.04 a | 0.24 ± 0.03 b |
| 38 | α-Muurolene + | 1507 | 12.96 ± 0.30 a | 4.83 ± 0.27 c | 7.99 ± 1.02 b | 2.01 ± 0.14 d | 1.00 ± 0.07 ed | 0.07 ± 0.01 e | 0.64 ± 0.01 e |
| 39 | Pentadecane * | 1605 | 6.23 ± 0.77 a | 6.64 ± 0.53 a | 5.84 ± 0.02 a | 2.22 ± 0.06 b | 0.19 ± 0.02 c | 0.35 ± 0.00 c | 0.87 ± 0.12 c |
| 40 | n-Hexadecanoic acid * | 1825 | 0.32 ± 0.02 d | 0.43 ± 0.01 b | 0.35 ± 0.04 dc | 0.38 ± 0.04 c | 0.12 ± 0.01 f | 0.24 ± 0.03 e | 0.50 ± 0.03 a |
The means ± standard deviations are presented. Different letters in superscript represent a significant difference between strawberry maturation stages according to Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05, n = 9); Unit: concentration (μL/100 g of strawberry samples, equivalent to ethyl n-decanoate); maturation stages in variety Albion: AL0, AL1, AL2, AL3, AL4, AL5 and AL6; KI: Kovats index; * tentatively identified by mass spectrometry and KI; + compounds identified using authentic standard; The KI values correspond to data reported previously in the literature or in the database on the website (http://www.nist.gov).