Table 2.

Descriptive (and ancillary) findings of the meta-analyses of the randomized controlled trials.

Population	Outcome	N of studies	N HCQ/CQ	Controls	Sample size	Type of ES	Mean ES (RE)	LL	UL	P	I2	Small study	Largest study	95% LL PI	95% UL PI
RA	Swollen joints	4	290	281	571	MD	−3.71	−4.86	−2.57	2.21E-10	0	no	yes	−6.23	−1.2
RA	Physician global assessment	2	185	180	365	MD	−0.39	−0.56	−0.21	0.00002	0	NA	yes	NA	NA
RA	Tender joints	4	290	281	571	MD	−2.66	−4.19	−1.13	0.001	0	yes	no	−6.01	0.69
RA	Withdrawals and dropouts	4	299	292	591	OR	0.58	0.4	0.86	0.006	4.8	no	no	0.23	1.59
RA	Withdrawals and dropouts lack of efficacy	4	235	232	467	OR	0.54	0.32	0.92	0.02	7.9	no	no	0.01	24.54
RA	Patient global assessment	4	185	180	365	MD	−0.41	−0.77	−0.05	0.03	51.4	NA	yes	NA	NA
RA	Pain	4	247	237	484	MD	−3.75	−7.8	0.3	0.07	88.2	no	yes	−51.35	48.35
RA	Withdrawals AE	4	297	289	586	OR	0.81	0.38	1.69	0.57	0	yes	no	0.16	4.1

Abbreviations: HCQ/CQ: Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine; RA: Rheumatoid arthritis; AE: Adverse Events; GI: Gastrointestinal.