| Akt | protein kinase B |
| ECM | extracellular matrix |
| EGF | epidermal growth factor |
| EGFR | epidermal growth factor receptor |
| ERBB | family of proteins contains four receptor tyrosine kinases |
| ERK1/2 | extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 |
| FAK | focal adhesion kinase pp125FAK |
| GAPDH | glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase |
| Grb2 | growth factor receptor-bound protein 2 |
| HER 2 | epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
| IGF-1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
| IGF-1R | insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor |
| JAK | Janus kinase |
| MAPK | mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| MEK | mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase |
| mTOR | mammalian target of rapamycin |
| NF-κβ | nuclear factor kappa beta |
| p53 | tumor protein p53 |
| PD | prolidase deficiency |
| PDGF | platelet-derived growth factor |
| PEPD | prolidase |
| PI3K | phosphoinositide 3 kinase |
| Pro | proline |
| Shc | SHC adaptor protein 1 |
| Sos1 | son of sevenless 1 |
| STAT | signal transducer and activator of transcription |
| Src | proto-oncogene Src |