Table 9.
Autoimmune-like neurologic lesions in COVID-19 patients.
| Neurologic condition | Patients number (sex) | Mean or median age (years) | Treatment | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 65 | IVIg | [369] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 21 | Plasma exchange | [370] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 1 | N.A. | N.A. | [371] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 70 | IVIg | [372] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 64 | N.A. | [373] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 41 | IVIg | [374] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 53 | N.A. | [375] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 71 | IVIg | [376] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | M | 36 | IVIg | [377] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 66 | IVIg | [378] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 54 | N.A. | [379] |
| Guillain-Barré/Miller-Fisher overlap syndrome AMSAN |
M M |
55 60 |
IVIg IVIg |
[380] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 54 | IVIg | [381] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | F | 51 | IVIg | [382] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome with leptomeningeal enhancement |
F | 56 | IVIg | [383] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 76 | N.A. | [384] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 50 | IVIg | [385] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 64 | IVIg | [386] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 1 M, 1 F | 56.5 | IVIg | [387] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 72 | IVIg | [388] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 4 M, 1 F | 58.4 | IVIg | [389] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 3 F | 58.6 | IVIg | [390] |
| Guillain-Barrè syndrome | M | 68 | IVIg | [391] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | ~70 | IVIg | [392] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome with facial diplegia | M | 58 | IVIg | [393] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | ~60 | IVIg | [394] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 61 | IVIg | [395] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome with facial diplegia | M | 61 | Prednisone | [396] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 54 | IVIg | [397] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 57 | IVIg | [398] |
| ADEM | F | 64 | IVIg | [399] |
| ADEM-like condition | M | 71 | N.A. | [400] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 66 | IVIg | [401] |
| CIS | F | 42 | N.A. | [402] |
| ADEM | F | 51 | Methylprednisolone I.V., IVIg | [403] |
| ANE | F | 59 | High dose dexamethasone | [404] |
| Acute demyelination | F | 54 | Glucocorticoids | [405] |
| Demyelinating lesions | F | 54 | High dose dexamethasone Antiepileptic therapy |
[406] |
| AMSAN | F | 70 | IVIg | [407] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 7 M | 57 | IVIg | [408] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 1 M, 1 F | 26 | Plasma exchange, I.V. labetalol, IVIg | [409] |
| ANM and AMAN | M | 61 | Methylprednisolone I.V., plasma exchange | [410] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 57 | IVIg | [411] |
| AIDP | M | 68 | IVIg | [412] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 30 | IVIg, LMW heparin | [413] |
| Guillain-Barré-Strohl syndrome | M | 54 | IVIg | [414] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 77 | IVIg | [415] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 4 M, 1 F | 72.6 | IVIg, Methylprednisolone | [416] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 67 | Plasma exchange | [417] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 49 | IVIg | [418] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | M | 63 | None | [419] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 49 | IVIg | [420] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 11 | IVIg | [421] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 15 | IVIg | [422] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | M | 31 | IVIg | [423] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 75 | I.V. glucocorticoids, IVIg | [424] |
| AMAN | F | 70 | Plasma exchange, IVIg | [425] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | M | 61 | Plasma exchange, IVIg | [426] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | 11 M, 6 F | 53 | Plasma exchange, IVIg | [427] |
| ATM | M | 24 | I.V. methylprednisolone | [428] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 56 | N.A. | [429] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 48 | Plasma exchange | [430] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 72 | IVIg | [431] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | M | 69 | IVIg | [432] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 58 | Plasma exchange | [433] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis | M M |
50, 39 |
IVIg, acetaminophen | [434] |
| ATM | M | 60 | Methylprednisone | [435] |
| ANM | F | 69 | Methylprednisolone, plasma exchange | [436] |
| ATM | F | 59 | Methylprednisolone | [437] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | F | 74 | IVIg | [438] |
| Miller-Fisher syndrome | F | 50 | IVIg | [439] |
| Guillain-Barré syndrome | F | 58 | IVIg | [440] |
Abbreviations: IVIg: intravenous immunoglobulins. N.A.: information not available. M: male. F: female. I.V.: intravenous AMSAN: acute motor sensory axonal neuropathy. ADEM: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. CIS: clinically isolated syndrome. ANE: acute necrotizing encephalopathy. ATM: acute transverse myelitis. ANM: acute necrotizing myelitis.