Table 2.
Overview of biosensors for SARS-CoV-2 detection.
| BIOSENSOR | METHOD | ANALYTE | SAMPLE | ANALYTICAL FEATURES |
REF. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CARMEN-Cas13a | Microwell-array system for color-coded droplets of CRISPR detection reagents (fluorescent signal) | Amplified nucleic acid | Plasma, nasal or throat swabs | Attomolar sensitivity | Ackerman et al., 2020 |
| CRISPR-Chip | Label-free electrical detection | Unamplified nucleic acid | Buccal swab | – | https://cardeabio.com/crispr-chip/ |
| CRISPR-powered assays | RT-PCR CRISPR-Cas12a fluorescent reporter assay | Amplified nucleic acid | Nasal swab | LOD: 2 copy /μL | Huang et al., 2020 |
| Dual-Functional Plasmonic Photothermal Biosensors | Biosensor combining the plasmonic photothermal (PPT) effect and localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing transduction | Unamplified nucleic acid | – | LOD: 0.22 pM | Qiu et al., 2020 |
| CONVAT | Optical biosensor | Unamplified nucleic acid | Nasal or saliva swabs | – | https://optics.org/news/11/4/13 |
| FET biosensor | Label-free, real-time electrical detection with graphene-based FET functionalized with antibody | Spike protein | Nasopharyngeal swabs | LOD: 100 fg /mL | Seo, G. et al., 2020 |
| Portable, Ultra-Rapid and Ultra-Sensitive Cell-Based Biosensor | Bioeectric recognition assay based on mammalian Vero cells, which were engineered by electroinserting the human chimeric spike S1 antibody | Spike protein | LOD: 1 fg /mL | Mavrikou et al., 2020 | |
| Toroidal plasmonic metasensors | Miniaturized plasmonic immunosensor based on toroidal electrodynamics concept | Spike protein Miniaturized plasmonic immunosensor based on toroidal electrodynamics concept |
LOD: 4.2 fmol | Ahmadivand et al., 2020 | |
| Fluorescence immunochromato-graphic assay | Fluorescence immunochromatographic assay in blind analysis | Nucleocapsid protein | Nasopharyngeal swab, Urine |
Sensitivity: 68%, Specificity: 100%, Accuracy: 72% |
Diao, B. et al., 2020 |
| Electrochemical immunosensor | Magnetic bead-based immunosensor combined with carbon black-modified screen-printed electrode | Spike and Nucleocapsid protein | Untreated saliva | 19 ng/mL and 8 ng/mL in untreated saliva, respectively for S and N protein | This work |