Table 4.
GRADE evidence profile of CP for COVID-19 studies.
| CP for COVID-19 patients | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Patient or population: patients with COVID-19 patients Settings: RCTs and controlled NRSIs Intervention: CP for COVID-19 patients | ||||||
| Outcomes | Illustrative comparative risks* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | No of Participants (studies) | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Assumed risk | Corresponding risk | |||||
| Control | CP for COVID-19 patients | |||||
|
RCT-mortality mortality |
Study population |
OR 0.79 (0.52 to 1.19) |
734 (4 studies) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1 |
||
| 158 per 1000 |
130 per 1000 (89 to 183) |
|||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 185 per 1000 |
152 per 1000 (06 to 213) |
|||||
|
＜10 days-RCT mortality mortality |
Study population |
OR 0.4 (0.14 to 1.11) |
167 (2 studies) |
⊕⊕⊝⊝ low1 |
||
| 174 per 1000 |
78 per 1000 (29 to 190) |
|||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 174 per 1000 |
78 per 1000 (29 to 190) |
|||||
|
controlled NRSIs-mortality mortality |
Study population |
RR 0.59 (0.53 to 0.66) |
7779 (11 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2, 3, 4 |
||
| 297 per 1000 |
175 per 1000 (157 to 196) |
|||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 286 per 1000 |
169 per 1000 (152 to 189) |
|||||
|
＜10 days controlled NRSIs mortality mortality |
Study population |
RR 0.54 (0.39 to 0.76) |
1357 (4 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low2, 3, 4 |
||
| 171 per 1000 |
92 per 1000 (67 to 130) |
|||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 201 per 1000 |
109 per 1000 (78 to 153) |
|||||
|
RCT clinical improvement clinical improvement |
Study population |
OR 1.21 (0.68 to 2.16) |
189 (2 studies) |
⊕⊝⊝⊝ very low1, 5 |
||
| 500 per 1000 |
548 per 1000 (405 to 684) |
|||||
| Moderate | ||||||
| 506 per 1000 |
553 per 1000 (411 to 689) |
|||||
*The basis for the assumed risk (e.g. the median control group risk across studies) is provided in footnotes. The corresponding risk (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).
CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio; OR: Odds ratio;
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High quality: Further research is very unlikely to change our confidence in the estimate of effect.
Moderate quality: Further research is likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and may change the estimate.
Low quality: Further research is very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect and is likely to change the estimate.
Very low quality: We are very uncertain about the estimate.
There are too few randomized controlled studies to evaluate the information size and results, so we downgraded two point for imprecision.
Controlled non-randomized studies.
We downgraded one points because the risk of bias within this study is critical.
There were too few studies to evaluate the information size and results, so we downgraded one point for imprecision.
Risk of bias within this study is some concerns, so we downgraded one point for risk of bias.