Table 3.
Experiments performed for the identification of QTLs in rapeseed under stressful environment
| Stress type | No. of lines used | Genotyping/Linkage map | No. of QTLs | Chromosomal location | Key findings | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Freezing | 199 F2:3 lines | 350 SSR and 250 RAPD | 4 | 8, 6, 15, and 14 based on BBSRC maps | Identified QTLs shows 24% of phenotypic variances and with the help of NGS, these QTLs could use in MAS freezing tolerance |
64 |
| Waterlogging and drought | 150 DH-lines | 183 SSR and 157 AFLP | 28-CK, 26, and 31 for stresses | A1 | A few QTLs for both stresses overlapped each other, suggesting that genetic bases for DH were similar to some extent in rapeseed | 124 |
| Salinity | 85 inbred-lines | Illumina Hiseq-2000 | 62 | A1, A2, A3, A5, A7, C3, and C9 | Identified QTLs strongly associated with ion-homeostasis, shoot biomass, and salt-tolerance via AM, and BnaTSN1 as a candidate gene for salt-tolerance | 125 |
| Drought | 225 DH-lines | Brassica-60 K Illumina Infinium array | 20 | A01, A06, A08, C01, and C03 | Identified QTLs colocalized to 2 main QTLs, and showing that compensation is genetically controlled due to a powerful correlation between the morphology of root, productivity, and time of flowering | 126 |
| Drought | IMC106RR and Wichita | Illumina HiSeq-2000 | 1 | A10 | Candidate gene Bna.FLC.A10 were identified through polymorphism, and the results give a sight of genome-wide variation among rapeseed with enhancing information about the root genetic basis under drought stress | 127 |
| Drought, salinity and low-temperature | ZS11 | Microarray and EST-based analysis | 31 | A02, A03, A06, A08, A09, C01- C07, and C09 | 26 BnaWRKY genes were triggered by multiple stresses demonstrating that WRKY genes have a pivotal role in regulating multiple stresses | 128 |
| Salinity | 196 F2:3 lines | 532 molecular markers | 45 | A1–A10 and C1–C9 | Bna003640 was found to be the trigger in salinity and regulate the salt-tolerance mechanism | 129 |
| Salinity | 368 | Brassica 60 K Illumina Infinium SNP array | 25 | A3, A9, C5, C6, and C7 | 38 candidate genes were evaluated, which triggered under salinity and examined the molecular pathway which may help MAB for salt-tolerance | 51 |
| Salinity | 196 F2:3 lines | IP and SCAR markers | 1 | A10 | Lobed leaf gene (Bra009510) gene was mapped, and results presented that this gene might regulate the salt stress -tolerance | 130 |
| Cold | 147 F2:3 lines | 333 SSR markers | 11 | A08 | Identified QTLs showed the phenotypic variation of 42.50% and 1.09%, and two genes BnaA08g15470D and BnaA08g05330D have been strongly linked with cold-tolerance | 123 |