Table 3.

A listing of prominent nutri-informatics databases and resources

Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (77) http://ctdbase.org/	Description: A publicly available data set of environmental exposure impacts on human health including representation of food chemical and metabolite interactions and nutrition-related disease, phenotype and gene associations.
	Example Term Name: Folic Acid
	Example Term Definition: A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.
	Example Top 3 Gene Interactions: SLC19A1, TNF, AGT
	Example Term Synonyms: B9, Vitamin | Folacin | Folate | Folic Acid, Calcium Salt (1:1) | Folic Acid, (D)-Isomer | Folic Acid, (DL)-Isomer | Folic Acid, Monopotassium Salt | Folic Acid, Monosodium Salt | Folic Acid, Potassium Salt | Folic Acid, Sodium Salt | Folvite | Pteroylglutamic Acid | Vitamin B9 | Vitamin M
NutriGenomeDB (78) http://nutrigenomedb.org/	Description: A nutrigenomics exploratory and analytical platform including nutrigenomics gene expression data modules.
	Primary Features: Gene Expression Browser—Includes gene expression database search tools and expression heat map generation tool. Phenotype-Centered Analysis—Evaluates a list of differentially expressed genes and aggregates similar experiments based on gene expression profiles characterizing specific phenotypes.
The Monarch Initiative (79) https://monarchinitiative.org/	Description: An integrative data and analytic platform connecting data across species including nutrition-related phenotypes, genotypes and diseases.
	Example Term Name: Rickets (disease)
	Example Term ID: http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/MONDO_0005520
	Example Term Definition: Bone softening and weakening usually caused by deficiency or impaired metabolism of vitamin D. Deficiency of calcium, magnesium or phosphorus may also cause rickets. It predominantly affects children who suffer from severe malnutrition. It manifests with bone pain, fractures, muscle weakness and skeletal deformities.
	Example Exact Synonyms: Vitamin D-dependent rickets, rachitis, vitamin D hydroxylation-deficient rickets, rickets. Example Related Synonyms: Active rickets, vitamin-D deficiency rickets, hypovitaminosis D, nutritional rickets, vitamin D deficiency disease
	Example Related Phenotypes: Short stature, tibial bowing, recurrent fractures
	Example Genes (causal): PHEX, FGF23, SLC34A3
USDA FoodData Central (FDC) https://fdc.nal.usda.gov/index.html	Description: An integrated data system with nutrient profile data and links to related research including nutrient profiles for common foods and beverages.
	Example Term Name: Beans, black turtle, mature seeds, canned
	Example FDC ID: 175 188
	Example Food Category: Legumes and Legume Products
	Available data includes: Macronutrient content Micronutrient content Average weight/volume
USDA National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and What We Eat in America (WWEIA) (29) data sets https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/index.htm	Description: Data sets of compiled health and nutrition status information for adults and children.
	NHANES available data: Biological samples of serum, plasma, urine and DNA Demographic, Dietary, Examination, Laboratory and Questionnaire health data WWEIA available data: 24-hour dietary recalls (2) Type and amount of food and beverage consumed Time, location and name of eating occasion Water consumption type and source Use of table salt Special diets and usual daily intake Calculated daily total intake of energy and >60 nutrients/food components
FoodEx2 (80) https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/data/data-standardisation	Description: A standardization effort from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) aimed to cover the needs to describe foods in data collections across various food safety domains.
	Example Base Term: Tomato-containing cooked sauce
	Example facet descriptors: Ingredients: basil, garlic Processing: jarring, pasteurization Packaging format: jar Packaging material: glass
European Food Information Resource (Eurofir) (81) https://www.eurofir.org/	Description: A membership-based international non-profit aiming to develop, publish and exploit food composition information, and promote international cooperation and harmonization of standards to improve data quality, storage and access. Example Term Name: Aspartame
	Example Term Code: ASPM
	Example Term Additional Information: <INFOODS>ASPM Artificial sweetener EuroFIR priority: 7