Table 2.

Potential bioactive compounds against corona viruses and their mechanisms of action.

Bioactive compound	Plant	Mechanism of action	References
Celastrol	Triterygium regelii	Inhibits 3CLpro	Ryu et al. (2010)
Tingenone	Triterygium regelii	Inhibits 3CLpro	Ryu et al. (2010)
Pristimererin	Triterygium regelii	Inhibits 3CLpro	Ryu et al. (2010)
Iguesterin	Triterygium regelii	Inhibits 3CLpro	Ryu et al. (2010)
Tanshinones I–VII	Salvia miltiorrhiz	Inhibits PLpro	Park et al. (2012b)
Hirsutenone	Alnus japonica	Inhibits PLpro	(Park et al., 2012a, 2012b)
Emodin	Rheum palmatum	Blocks the interaction of S protein and ACE2	Ho et al. (2007)
Ginsenoside-Rb1	Panax ginseng	Blocks glycoprotein	Wu et al. (2004)
Aescin	Aesculus hippocastanum	unknown	Wu et al. (2004)
Leptodactylone	Boenninghausenia sessilica	unknown	Yang et al. (2007)
Lycorine	Lycoris radiate	unknown	Li et al. (2005a)
Reserpine	Rauvolfia serpentina	unknown	Wu et al. (2004)
Dihydrotanshinone	Salvia miltiorrhiza	unknown	Kim et al. (2018)
Resveratrol	Polygonum cuspidatum	unknown	Lin et al. (2017)
Oolonghomobisflavan-A	Tea plant	Inhibits Mpro	Bhardwaj et al. (2020)
Cepharanthine	Stephania japonica	Blocks ACE2	Fan et al. (2020)