Fig. 4.
The change rate of electricity demand in 2020 (temperature adjusted) relative to 2019 in the USA and Japan. Note: The electricity demand data are retrieved from Bruegel electricity tracker [66]. Only the peak-hours (08:00–18:00) in working days were recorded in the week data information. As the (i) data sources, (ii) year-on-year comparison method, and (iii) lockdown manners are different, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are presented separately. The time of soft lockdown and its relaxation is given in Table 2.