Table 2.
Representative SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing efforts underway globally as of October 2020
| Country | Individuals tested | Positive rate | Selection criteria of participants | Description | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Germany | 919 | 14.1% | risk populations | random individuals from the municipality of Gangelt, one of the most COVID-19-affected sites in Germany | Streeck et al.64 |
| Sweden | 527 | ~20% | risk populations | “community” study of Swedish hospital workers | Danderyds Sjukhus65 |
| Austria | 269 | 4.71% | risk populations | individuals from 27 risk municipalities with increased COVID-19 infection numbers | Statistik Austria66 |
| China | 17,368 | 3.2 to 3.8% | risk populations | individuals from hospital (non-COVID-10 individuals, healthcare workers, and relatives) and community settings (residents, hotel/factory workers) from Wuhan and adjacent cities | Xu et al.67 |
| Switzerland | 2,776 over 5 weeks | 4.8%–10.8% over 5 weeks | Random | participants were selected from a representative sample of the general population of Geneva (derived from an annual health examination survey); shared household members are overrepresented | Stringhini et al.62 |
| Finland | 442 | 3.4% | Random | from blood samples of individuals who had undergone laboratory tests for various reasons other than infection; area of Helsinki (Uusimaa Hospital District, HUS) | Finnish Insitute for Health and Welfare68 |
| Brazil | 3 rounds of testing 4,141–4,500 individuals | increasing from 0.048%–0.222% (April to May) | Random | probability sample household surveys in nine large municipalities in the south of Brazil, included testing of multiple family members | Silveira et al.61 |
| Iceland | 30,576 | estimated at 0.9% | different criteria for subgroups | includes a longitudinal assessment of antibody responses 4 months after infection | Gudbjartsson et al.63 |
| Spain | 60,983 | ~5% | Random | ongoing study of random households, current results of rapid tests, measurements by immunoassays ongoing, reporting on a reliability study of lower accuracy of rapid tests than the manufacturer’s specifications | ESTUDIO ENE-COVID19: PRIMERA RONDA69 |
| USA, Idaho | 15,789 | 2.02% | semi-random | ongoing testing effort of volunteers who suspect they have contracted COVID-19; results as of June 14, 2020; non-profit initiative “Crush the Curve Idaho”; testing through the University of Washington Virology Department | Bryan et al.70 |
| USA, Boston, MA | 750 | 9.9% | semi-random | testing of volunteers, emphasis on asymptomatic individuals (residents having previously tested positive in a qRT-PCR test and/or symptoms were excluded) | City of Boston Public Health Commission71 |
| USA, Chelsea, MA | ~200 | 32% | semi-random | random volunteers, carried out by Massachusetts General Hospital | Corcoran72 |
| USA, Indianapolis, IN | >4,600 | 2.8% antibody, 1.7% qRT-PCR | random to semi-random | randomly selected individuals and volunteers tested with qRT-qPCR and antibody tests, carried out by Indiana University Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, ongoing, | 73 |
| USA, Los Angeles, CA | 846 | 4.1% | Random | University of Southern California and Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, drive-through antibody testing of participants recruited via a market research firm’s database representative of the county’s population | University of Southern California and County of Los Angeles74 |
| US, New York, NY | ~15,000 | 12.3% | N/A | testing efforts by the Wadsworth Center, the public health laboratory of the New York State Department of Health | NY State COVID-19 Testing75 |