Table 1.
Patients characteristics and antiphospholipid markers in a prospective cohort of COVID-19 patients.
| All patients | Patients without thrombotic event | Patients with thrombotic event | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of patients | N = 104 | N = 93 | N = 11 | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, median [IQR] years | 71 [59–81] | 71 [59–80.5] | 80 [60–84] | 0.328 |
| Male, no. (%) | 60 (57.7) | 53 (57) | 7 (63.6) | 0.756 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 10 (9.8) | 10 (10.9) | 0 (0) | 0.592 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 24.4 [22.5–28.6] | 25.7 [23.1–29.6] | 24.2 [21.26.3] | 0.359 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Venous thrombosis | 16 (15.4) | 12 (13.9) | 4(36.4) | 0.064 |
| Cancer | 27 (26.2) | 25 (27.2) | 2 (18.2) | 0.753 |
| Active cancer | 18 (17.3) | 16 (17.2) | 2 (18.2) | 1 |
| Coronary ischemic disease | 18 (17.3) | 16 (17.2) | 2 (18.2) | 1 |
| Stroke | 11 (10.6) | 10 (10.8) | 1 (9.1) | 1 |
| Peripheral arterial disease | 9 (8.7) | 8 (8.6) | 1 (9.1) | 1 |
| Hypertension | 61 (58.7) | 55 (59.1) | 6 (54.5) | 0.759 |
| Dyslipidemia | 39 (37.5) | 32 (34.4) | 7 (63.6) | 0.096 |
| Diabetes | 25 (24) | 21 (22.6) | 4 (36.4) | 0.454 |
| Platelet inhibitor | 24 (23.1) | 20 (21.5) | 4 (36.4) | 0.273 |
| Oral anticoagulant | 15 (14.4) | 14 (15.1) | 1 (9.1) | 0.506 |
| Covid-19 symptoms, n (%) | ||||
| Fatigue | 65 (62.5) | 60 (64.5) | 5 (45.5) | 0.393 |
| Dyspnea | 59 (56.7) | 51 (54.8) | 8 (72.7) | 0.342 |
| Cough | 45 (43.3) | 39 (41.9) | 6 (54.5) | 0.577 |
| Diarrhea | 21 (20.2) | 20 (21.5) | 1 (9.1) | 0.301 |
| Dysgueusia | 20 (19.2) | 18 (19.4) | 2 (18.2) | 1.0 |
| Thoracic pain | 19 (18.3) | 15 (16.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0.313 |
| Anosmia | 12 (11.5) | 11 (11.8) | 1 (9.1) | 1.0 |
| Hemoptysis | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (18.2) | 0.016 |
| Covid-19 course | ||||
| Nasal oxygen (L/min) | 2 [2–4] | 2 [2–3] | 4 [3–11.5] | 0.01 |
| ICU transfer D14, n (%) | 17 (16.3) | 14 (15) | 3 (27) | 0.437 |
| Mortality Day 14, n (%) | 14 (13.5) | 11 (11.8) | 3 (27.3) | 0.16 |
| Baseline laboratory findings | ||||
| Neutrophils, /mm3 | 4535 [3185–6047] | 4420 [2930–5615] | 6460 [4537–8755] | 0.019 |
| Lymphocytes, /mm3 | 955 [710–1237] | 950 [710–1210] | 1020 [717–1480] | 0.600 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 12.1 [11.1–13.9] | 12.3 [11.1–13.9] | 12 [11.2–13.0] | 0.534 |
| Platelet count, G/mm3 | 220 [159–288] | 220 [159–282] | 231 [153–368] | 0.355 |
| CRP, mg/L | 69 [30–107] | 64.2 [28.3–104.1] | 124 [64.7–253] | 0.021 |
| Fibrinogen, g/L | 6.0 [4.83–6.98] | 5.95 [4.88–6.93] | 6.5 [4.5–8.15] | 0.861 |
| D-Dimer, μg/L | 950 [480–1920] | 890 [450–1615] | 5860 [2555–17,750] | <0.001 |
| Ferritin, μg/L | 876 [364–1463] | 867 [356–1526] | 979 [368–1413] | 1.0 |
| IL-6, pg/mL | 60 [34–83] | 61.5 [34.8–91.8] | 54 [31.8–123] | 0.980 |
| Anti-phospholipid Ab markers | ||||
| IgG anticardiolipin Ab | 8 (7.7) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (27.3) | 0.037 |
| IgG titer (fold UNL) | 1.5 [1.3–2] | 1.6 [1.2–2] | 1.3/1.5/2.3⁎ | 0.786 |
| IgM anticardiolipin Ab | 8 (7.7) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
| IgM titer(fold UNL) | 1.6 [1.4–2.2] | 1.2/1.5/1.6⁎ | 1.7 [1.5–2.5] | 0.143 |
| IgA anticardiolipin Ab | 31 (28) | 26 (28) | 5 (45.5) | 0.297 |
| IgA titer (fold UNL) | 1.5 [1.4–1.7] | 1.4 [1.3–1.7] | 1.7 [1.6–2.6] | 0.081 |
| IgG anti-β2-GPI Ab | 5 (4.8) | 4 (4.3) | 1 (9.1) | 0.435 |
| IgG titer (fold UNL) | 4.5 [1.8–14] | 6.9 [1.6–15.1] | 4.5⁎ | – |
| IgM anti-β2-GPI Ab | 3 (2.9) | 2 (2.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0.287 |
| IgM titer(fold UNL) | 1/4/26⁎ | 4/26⁎ | 1⁎ | – |
| IgA anti-β2-GPI Ab | 6 (5.8) | 3 (3.2) | 3 (27.3) | 0.015 |
| IgA titer (fold UNL) | 10 [3.1–13] | 2.6/3.3/15.2 | 10/10/12 | 0.7 |
| Lupus anticoagulant, yes/nb tested | 21/53 (39.6) | 18/48 (37.5) | 3/5 (60) | 0.374 |
| Anti-phospholipid markers positivity# | ||||
| Single positivity | 35 (33.7) | 31 (33.3) | 4 (36.4) | 0.740 |
| Double positivity | 12 (11.5) | 11 (11.8) | 1 (9.1) | 1 |
| Triple positivity | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0) | 2 (18.2) | 0.01 |
IQR: InterQuartil Range; BMI: Body Mass Index; CRP: C reactive protein; Ab: antibody.
#
Positivity of anti-phospholipid marker among anticardiolipin Ab, anti-β2-GPI Ab and lupus anticoagulant.
⁎
When n ≤ 3, singles values are given.