Table 1.
Demographic, clinical and biological characteristics of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 according to BMI.
| All patients |
Normal weight group |
Excess body weight group |
p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 113 | n = 37 | n = 76 | ||
| General characteristics | ||||
| Sex ratio, F/M | 55/58 | 17/20 | 38/38 | 0.69 |
| Age, years | 65.4 ± 15.0 | 70.3 ± 16.0 | 63.6 ± 13.9 | 0.01 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.9 ± 6.1 | 22.5 ± 1.8 | 30.9 ± 5.5 | – |
| Current smokers | 10 (9) | 2 (5) | 8 (10) | 0.49 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Overweight, 25 ≤ BMI < 30 kg/m2 | 76 (67) | 0 | 76 | – |
| Obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 36 (32) | 0 | 36 (47) | – |
| Type 2 diabetes | 27 (19) | 8 (21) | 19 (25) | 0.69 |
| Arterial hypertension | 58 (51) | 16 (43) | 42 (55) | 0.23 |
| Cardiovascular diseasea | 19 (17) | 10 (27) | 9 (12) | 0.04 |
| Chronic respiratory diseaseb | 8 (7) | 1 (3) | 7 (9) | 0.26 |
| Metabolic parameters | ||||
| Fasting plasma glucose, mmol/L | 7.03 ± 6.4 | 8.16 ± 10.5 | 6.45 ± 2.0 | 0.21 |
| Fasting insulin, mUI/L | 12.9 ± 11.9 | 10.6 ± 7.5 | 13.8 ± 13.1 | 0.04 |
| HOMA-IR index | 3.63 ± 3.3 | 3.12 ± 2.9 | 3.84 ± 3.4 | 0.07 |
| Glycated hemoglobin, % | 6.36 ± 1.0 | 5.99 ± 0.6 | 6.51 ± 1.1 | 0.02 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 3.62 ± 0.8 | 3.89 ± 0.7 | 3.48 ± 0.8 | 0.03 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.51 ± 0.5 | 1.34 ± 0.5 | 1.60 ± 0.6 | 0.03 |
| LDL-c, mmol/L | 2.04 ± 0.7 | 2.23 ± 0.5 | 1.95 ± 0.7 | 0.05 |
| HDL-c, mmol/L | 0.89 ± 0.4 | 1.06 ± 0.4 | 0.80 ± 0.3 | 0.002 |
| Albumin, g/L | 37.6 ± 5.6 | 36.1 ± 6.6 | 38.4 ± 4.7 | 0.16 |
| Treatments | ||||
| Hypoglycaemic oral drugs | 22 (19) | 6 (16) | 16 (21) | 0.54 |
| Insulin | 12 (10) | 2 (5) | 10 (13) | 0.33 |
| Statins | 14 (13) | 0 | 14 (18) | 0.004 |
| RAAS inhibitors | 36 (32) | 6 (16) | 30 (39) | 0.01 |
Normal weight group defined by an 18.5 ≤ BMI < 25 kg/m2 and excess body weight group defined by a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. All data are means ± SD or (%). Mean data were compared between normal weight group and excess body weight group.
Abbreviations: BMI = body mass index. F = female. HDL-c = high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. HOMA-IR = homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance. LDL-c = low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol. M = male. RAAS = renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system.
Bold value is statistically significant to p-value < 0.05.
Cardiovascular disease: coronary or peripheral arterial disease.
Chronic respiratory disease: asthma, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.